本文選題：公共利益 + 舉報制度　； 參考：《山東大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：舉報作為一種重要的民主監(jiān)督手段,在打擊違法犯罪行為中的重要性越來越受到人們的重視。舉報權是憲法賦予公民的一項重要民主監(jiān)督權利,是公民、其他個人、單位依法向國家專門機關控告檢舉涉嫌違法違紀犯罪行為的權利。落實舉報權的行使,保障公民舉報權的實現(xiàn),可以激勵廣大群眾舉報的熱情,助于公眾對國家機關工作人員等的監(jiān)督,消除社會不穩(wěn)定因素,震懾違法犯罪,利于對違法違紀犯罪行為的查處。韓國2011年制定的《公益舉報者保護法》在舉報者保護措施、舉報程序、舉報受理機構等方面進行了明確系統(tǒng)的規(guī)定,可操作性強。雖然韓國舉報者保護法制不一定符合我國舉報制度的客觀現(xiàn)實,但其舉報者保護的理念及舉報者保護法立法所獲得的經驗無疑值得我們借鑒。 韓國現(xiàn)行的公益舉報制度法律體系主要包含三部法律即《反腐敗法》(已廢止)、《反腐敗和國民權益委員會的設立與運營法》(2008年)、《公益舉報者保護法》(2011年),《反腐敗和國民權益委員會的設立與運營法》將舉報對象限定于公職人員的腐敗行為,具有一定的局限性,而《公益舉報者保護法》將范圍擴大到公、私部門,適應了社會發(fā)展需要,有利于打擊企業(yè)等的違法犯罪行為。自《保護法》頒布以來,由于舉報者保護、救濟、制約等機制的完善,韓國舉報案件的數(shù)量翻倍增長,公民更敢于舉報,更加勇于同損害公共利益的行為作斗爭,對純潔透明社會風氣的形成發(fā)揮了重大作用。本文以韓國《公益舉報者保護法》為視角,對韓國公益舉報制度進行研究。正文總共分為4個章節(jié)。第一章對公益舉報的概念、特征、公益舉報和公益舉報制度的意義、韓國公益舉報制度的產生及公益舉報者保護法的立法歷程進行了闡述。第二章以該法為視角分析了韓國舉報制度的框架體系和公益舉報制度的內容,包括舉報主體、舉報客體、舉報方式、舉報處理、舉報者保護制度、補償金與救助金制度。第三章以該法為視角主要論述了韓國舉報制度存在的問題與不足,包括舉報對象的范圍、國民權益委員會調查權和監(jiān)督權的缺失、舉報后的程序問題以及舉報者保護制度、處罰規(guī)定的不完善等方面進行了分析說明。最后,介紹了我國舉報制度的建立背景及法律依據(jù),分析了我國舉報制度存在的問題,包括沒有獨立的舉報受理機構、缺乏規(guī)范的舉報程序、沒有完善的舉報機制、舉報運行透明度低,缺乏有效的監(jiān)督等等。同時借鑒韓國公益舉報者保護法的優(yōu)點與不足對完善我國舉報制度提出了自己的看法。第一,我國應制定專門的《舉報者保護法》,進一步推進舉報制度的法制化、規(guī)范化、體系化。第二,設立舉報主管機構,并保證其享有獨立調查權與監(jiān)督權的。第三,建立完善的網絡舉報制度。第四,推行實名舉報,建立嚴格的保密制度。第五,健全舉報激勵和保障制度。 現(xiàn)今我國還沒有制定專門的舉報者保護法,而美國、英國、韓國、日本等國家早已出臺相關法律,我國舉報制度存在的不足制約著舉報工作的深入開展,關于舉報的規(guī)定不應只散見于各法律法規(guī)和一些規(guī)范性文件中,制定專門的舉報者保護法,規(guī)范舉報救濟、保障、制約等機制,保障公民舉報權利的實現(xiàn),加強對違法違紀犯罪行為的監(jiān)督,對社會的和諧穩(wěn)定、人民安居樂業(yè)有著重大意義。而韓國《公益舉報者保護法》制定了相對完善的舉報制度,對其進行研究對我國舉報制度的完善有一定的借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:As an important means of democratic supervision, reporting is becoming more and more important in combating illegal and criminal acts. The right to report the report is an important right of democratic supervision given to citizens by the constitution. It is a citizen, other individual, and the unit accuses the state specialized organs of the right to prosecute the alleged illegal and disciplinary crimes in accordance with the law. The exercise of the right to report the report, to ensure the realization of the right to report the citizens, to encourage the enthusiasm of the masses to report, to help the public to supervise the staff of the state organs, to eliminate the social instability, to deter the illegal crimes and to investigate and punish the offenses against the law and discipline. In 2011, the protection law of public whistleblower protection, formulated by South Korea, is protected by the whistleblower The measures, the reporting procedures and the reporting and accepting institutions have made a clear and systematic regulation. Although the protection of the South Korean whistleblower protection law does not necessarily conform to the objective reality of the reporting system in China, the concept of the protection of the whistleblower and the experience obtained by the legislation of the protection law of the whistleblower are undoubtedly worth our reference.
The current legal system of public welfare reporting system in South Korea consists of three laws, namely, the anti corruption law (abolished), the establishment and operation law of the anti corruption and national rights and interests Commission (2008), the protection law of public welfare whistleblower (2011), the establishment and operation law of the anti corruption and national rights and interests Commission, which limits the reporting object to the corruption of public officials. The act of failure has certain limitations, and the protection law of the public welfare informant is extended to the public and the private sector, which adapts to the needs of the social development and helps to combat the illegal and criminal acts of enterprises. Since the promulgation of the protection law, the number of reporting cases in South Korea has doubled, the number of the reporting cases in Korea has doubled, and the number of citizens has doubled. More dare to report, more brave to fight against public interests, and play a major role in the formation of a clean and transparent society. This article studies the South Korean public welfare report system with the view of South Korea's public welfare report protection law. The text is divided into 4 chapters. Chapter 1 is about the concept, characteristics and public welfare report of public welfare report. And the significance of the public welfare reporting system, the production of South Korean public welfare reporting system and the legislative process of the protection law of public welfare whistleblower. The second chapter analyzes the framework system and the content of the public welfare reporting system in Korea, including the subject of reporting, the object of reporting, the way of reporting, the treatment of reporting, the protection of the whistleblower. The third chapter mainly discusses the problems and shortcomings of the reporting system in Korea, including the scope of the reporting object, the lack of the right to investigate and the supervision of the national rights and interests Committee, the procedural problems after the report, the protection of the whistleblower and the imperfection of the penalties. At last, it introduces the background and legal basis of the reporting system in China, and analyzes the problems of the reporting system in China, including the lack of independent reporting and accepting institutions, the lack of standardized reporting procedures, the lack of perfect reporting mechanism, low reporting operation transparency, lack of effective supervision and so on. The advantages and disadvantages of the protection law put forward their own views on the improvement of the reporting system in China. First, our country should formulate a special protection law of the whistleblower, further promote the legal, standardized and systematized reporting system. Second, set up a reporting authority and ensure that it enjoys the independent investigation and supervision. Third, establish a perfect network. Network reporting system. Fourth, promote real name reporting and establish a strict confidentiality system. Fifth, improve reporting incentive and guarantee system.
At present, our country has not formulated a special protection law for whistleblowers, while the United States, Britain, Korea, Japan and other countries have already issued relevant laws. The shortcomings of the reporting system in our country restrict the in-depth development of the reporting work. The provisions of the report should not be scattered in the laws and regulations and some normative documents, and the special whistleblowers are formulated. To protect the law, standardize the mechanism of reporting relief, guarantee and restriction, guarantee the realization of the rights of the citizens to report, and strengthen the supervision of the crimes against the law and discipline. It is of great significance to the harmonious stability of the society and the people's peace and work. The improvement has certain reference significance.

【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D931.26;DD912.1

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本文編號：1834419