【摘要】：本文以馬克思哲學為理論基礎,以關懷現(xiàn)實的人的自由為旨歸,通過對馬克思社會批判理論的研究,旨在為人的自由的實現(xiàn)建立一種可能的生活樣態(tài)。 近代以來,哲學家所面臨的真正挑戰(zhàn)并不是來自于哲學自身,而是來自于物質(zhì)豐富與道德淪喪、技術的勝利與人性的壓抑、進步與倒退、解放與奴役、自由與壓制所構(gòu)成的近代工業(yè)社會的各種矛盾與異化。這個社會與宗教信仰、傳統(tǒng)壓抑相勾結(jié)不斷消解著人的自由。哲學家試圖以哲學的方式追回失去的人格、恢復人的價值、爭取人的自我實現(xiàn)。盡管近代哲學以一種形而上學的姿態(tài)來構(gòu)建,但仍以哲學的方式來對社會進行反思與批判。針對德國古典哲學的反思與批判更多停留在精神領域并沒有現(xiàn)實地變革現(xiàn)實的現(xiàn)狀。馬克思通過對黑格爾哲學的批判,實現(xiàn)了哲學觀的變革,使批判直接指向現(xiàn)實社會,抓住“現(xiàn)實的人”,以歷史的邏輯進路,科學指出了人的自由解放的圖景,為西方社會批判理論的建立提供了源頭。 本文通過考察馬克思社會批判理論與近代哲學尤其是德國古典哲學的歷史淵源,以馬克思哲學理論為基礎,并結(jié)合西方馬克思主義研究者和國內(nèi)學者對馬克思社會批判理論的研究現(xiàn)狀,緊扣馬克思文本,系統(tǒng)而全面的對資本主義社會進行批判,并從現(xiàn)實性、理想性與歷史性相統(tǒng)一的審美維度出發(fā),以實現(xiàn)現(xiàn)實的人的自由為旨歸,緊緊抓住馬克思社會批判理論審美建構(gòu)批判性、超越性與自由性的特征,在進一步系統(tǒng)研究馬克思社會批判理論基礎上,使人能“按照美的規(guī)律來構(gòu)造”,并通過“批判舊世界發(fā)現(xiàn)新世界”,實現(xiàn)“必然王國向自由王國的超越”,深入探索人全面而現(xiàn)實的自由的實現(xiàn),從而完成哲學“應然”與“實然”的統(tǒng)一,在塵世建立人間天國——自由人的聯(lián)合體,并分析馬克思社會批判理論審美建構(gòu)對實現(xiàn)馬克思理論體系的整體性、對當今資本主義的批判以及我國的社會主義市場經(jīng)濟具有巨大的理論與現(xiàn)實意義。
[Abstract]:This paper is based on Marxist philosophy and aims at the freedom of people who care about reality. Through the study of Marx's social critical theory, this paper aims to establish a possible life pattern for the realization of human freedom. Since modern times, the real challenges faced by philosophers have come not from philosophy itself, but from material enrichment and moral decline, technological victories and repression of human nature, progress and retrogression, liberation and enslavement. Various contradictions and alienation of modern industrial society constituted by freedom and repression. The collusion between this society and religious beliefs, traditional repression constantly dispels the freedom of human beings. Philosophers try to recover lost personality by philosophical means, restore human value and strive for self-realization. Although modern philosophy is constructed in a metaphysical manner, it still reconsiders and criticizes society in a philosophical way. The reflection and criticism of German classical philosophy remain more in the spiritual field and do not change the reality of reality realistically. By criticizing Hegel's philosophy, Marx realized the reform of philosophy, made the criticism point directly to the realistic society, grasped the "real man", and scientifically pointed out the picture of the free liberation of human beings through the logical approach of history. It provides the source for the establishment of western social critical theory. By examining the historical origin of Marx's social critical theory and modern philosophy, especially German classical philosophy, this paper is based on Marx's philosophical theory. Combined with the current research situation of Marx's social critical theory by western Marxist researchers and domestic scholars, the author makes a systematic and comprehensive criticism of capitalist society according to Marx's text, and makes a systematic and comprehensive criticism of capitalist society from the realistic point of view. Starting from the aesthetic dimension of the unity of ideality and history, the aim is to realize the freedom of human being in reality, and firmly grasp the characteristics of critical, transcendental and free aesthetic construction of Marx's social critical theory. On the basis of further systematic study of Marx's theory of social criticism, the author makes people "construct according to the law of beauty", and through "criticizing the old world and discovering the new world", realizes "the transcendence of the kingdom of necessity to the kingdom of freedom". Deeply exploring the realization of man's all-round and realistic freedom, so as to complete the unity of philosophy "ought to be" and "reality", and to establish the union of free man, the kingdom of heaven and earth, in the earthly world. It also analyzes that the aesthetic construction of Marx's social critical theory is of great theoretical and practical significance to the realization of the integrity of Marx's theoretical system, to the criticism of capitalism today and to the socialist market economy in China.
【學位授予單位】：沈陽師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：A811

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