關(guān)于馬克思實踐自由觀的思考
[Abstract]:The free and comprehensive development of everyone is the ultimate goal of Marxist theory. Therefore, freedom is a core category of Marxist theory. Marx not only criticized the speculative philosophy, represented by Hegel, which ignored the "realistic person", but began from the subject of imagination to satisfy people's thirst for freedom in a false way. It also criticizes the falsehood of freedom in political states. In Marx's view, human freedom should be understood from the real people, from the real world and from the material production practice. In short, freedom is to man's practice, should understand freedom from practice. It is based on this point that Marx's view of freedom is usually referred to as "the view of freedom of practice" (abbreviated as "view of freedom of practice"). The view of practical freedom is formed in the process of criticizing Hegel's speculative philosophy of freedom and political state theory. This kind of freedom view starts from the realistic person, understands the freedom from the material production practice, thus opens up a new place for the people to understand the freedom, also has found a reliable path for the people to realize the freedom. Therefore, compared with the speculative philosophy of freedom and political state theory, it is more reasonable to transcend the two. However, with the shift of the focus of Marx's research (to the study of political economy), the understanding of freedom is constantly changing. For example, in "manuscripts" Marx considered "free and conscious activity" to be freedom, but in "Capital," Marx thought that "the field of material production" was always a necessary kingdom. There can be no real freedom in this field. Therefore, Marx placed real freedom in the "field of intangible production" in communist society. However, Marx later believed that labor can be true freedom after obtaining social and scientific nature. For this reason, in studying Marx's theory of freedom, scholars later came up with two opposite theories, one of which was that Marx's freedom was a "self-determination". The other holds that Marx's freedom is a practical determinism. In fact, from a purely superficial point of view, Marx's view of practical freedom is not only the root of the two previous theories, but also shows the contradiction of his theory, and will also result in the suppression of man's "subjective initiative" and the nihilism of "morality". There are some problems in reality, such as the absence of human freedom and the absence of human freedom in socialist society. Therefore, how to position Marx's view of practical freedom is a problem that needs to be reconsidered. In fact, freedom in communist society (freedom of the future) is what we yearn for, but freedom now should also be our goal. In my opinion, in order to understand Marx's view of freedom and realize the freedom of human beings at present, we should regard freedom as a problem that should be understood from practice. From the perspective of practice, we should not only regard practice as the foundation of the generation and development of freedom, but also regard practice as an intermediary to realize freedom. We should regard freedom not only as the conscious initiative of human practice, but also as a solution to the contradiction between man and nature, between man and society, and between man and himself in practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2016
【分類號】:A811
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