【摘要】：黑格爾的自我意識的“異化”是自我意識自身運動發(fā)展的環(huán)節(jié)。意識將自己異化或者外化為自己的對象，然后通過對對象的認識從而認識自身，意識到對象即作為主體的自我意識本身，這實現(xiàn)了自我意識的返回和統(tǒng)一。馬克思的“異化”指的是在私有制的資本主義社會中的勞動“異化”現(xiàn)象。“異化勞動”既表現(xiàn)為工人同自己的勞動產(chǎn)品及其勞動本身的異化，還表現(xiàn)在人和人（包括作為類存在的工人本身和他人）的異化。 在“異化”的必然性上，馬克思和黑格爾是相同的。意識自身之內(nèi)的矛盾和區(qū)別的存在必然要外化自己成為自己的對象，自我意識對對象的認識和反思必然會產(chǎn)生“異化”，最終通過對對象的揚棄來認識自己；在人類社會的發(fā)展中，隨著社會分工和私有制的產(chǎn)生，工人必然同自己的生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品甚至生產(chǎn)過程本身相分離、對立，，乃至同自身的類本質(zhì)相對立，最后同他人（資本家）相對立，勞動必然產(chǎn)生“異化”。這兩種“異化”的發(fā)展都是辯證的發(fā)展，最終都被揚棄：意識使自己與自己對立是意識的第一個自否定，意識揚棄這對立而回到自相同一，這是對第一個否定的否定，是一種保存自己、發(fā)展自己的肯定；而勞動的“異化”剝奪了人的本質(zhì)，是對人的本質(zhì)的否定，揚棄”異化”的過程就是對這一否定的否定。 馬克思和黑格爾的“異化”思想在以下幾個方面是不同的。首先，在“異化”的主體和表現(xiàn)上，黑格爾的“異化”的主體是自我意識，自我意識自身的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生“異化”，“異化”表現(xiàn)在意識在對自身外化出來的對象的認識過程中，意識不到對象即是自身乃至被對象制約；馬克思的“異化”的主體是勞動，勞動的“異化”表現(xiàn)在工人同自己的勞動及勞動產(chǎn)品、同人的異化上。其次，在原因上，黑格爾的“自我意識的異化”的根源在于意識對自身的反思，而勞動的“異化”是由于社會分工和私有制的產(chǎn)生。再次，從目的上講，自我意識“異化”的最終目的是要達到自身統(tǒng)一，而認識勞動“異化”的目的是要認識、消滅私有制。最后，在哲學(xué)立場上，前者是唯心主義的“異化”觀，后者則是辯證唯物主義的“異化”觀，這是兩者所有差異的根源所在。 認識“異化”是為了揚棄“異化”。“異化”的根源在現(xiàn)實之中。要從根本上消除“異化”，就必須通過實踐改變現(xiàn)實，最終獲得人的自由全面發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Hegel's self-consciousness alienation is the link of self-consciousness movement. Consciousness dissimilates or externalizes itself as its own object, and then realizes itself through the understanding of object, and realizes the return and unification of self-consciousness. Marx's alienation refers to the phenomenon of labor alienation in the capitalist society of private ownership. "alienated labor" is not only the alienation of workers from their own labor products and their labor itself, but also the alienation of people and people (including workers themselves and others as a kind of existence). Marx and Hegel are alike in the inevitability of alienation. The existence of contradictions and differences within the consciousness itself is bound to externalize itself into its own object, self-awareness of the object awareness and reflection will inevitably produce "alienation", finally through the sublation of the object to understand themselves; In the development of human society, with the social division of labor and the emergence of private ownership, workers are bound to be separated and opposed to their own production products and even to their own nature of the class. Finally, against others (capitalists), labor inevitably produces alienation. The development of these two kinds of "alienation" is dialectical development, and they are eventually abandoned: consciousness makes oneself opposite to oneself is the first self-negation of consciousness, consciousness sublation this opposition and goes back to the same, this is the negation of the first negation. It is a kind of affirmation to preserve oneself and develop itself, and the alienation of labor deprives the essence of man and negates the essence of man, and the process of sublation of alienation is the negation of this negation. Marx and Hegel's thought of alienation are different in the following aspects. First of all, in the subject and performance of alienation, Hegel's main body of alienation is self-consciousness, the development of self-consciousness produces "alienation", and "alienation" is manifested in the process of cognition of the external objects. The main body of Marx's "alienation" is labor, and the alienation of labor is manifested in the alienation of workers with their own labor and their labor products. Secondly, the reason of Hegel's alienation of self-consciousness lies in the reflection of consciousness, while the alienation of labor is due to the social division of labor and the emergence of private ownership. Thirdly, the ultimate goal of self-consciousness alienation is to achieve its own unity, and the purpose of recognizing labor alienation is to recognize and eliminate private ownership. Finally, in the philosophical standpoint, the former is the idealistic "alienation" view, the latter is the dialectical materialism "alienation" view, which is the root of all the differences between the two. To understand alienation is to sublate alienation. The root of alienation lies in reality. In order to eliminate alienation fundamentally, we must change the reality through practice and finally obtain the free and all-round development of human beings.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：B516.35;A811

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