本文選題：“社會(huì)公仆” + 軸心　； 參考：《南京師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：馬克思、恩格斯根據(jù)唯物主義歷史觀和巴黎公社革命的實(shí)踐,首創(chuàng)了無產(chǎn)階級“社會(huì)公仆”的理論。其主要內(nèi)容包括“社會(huì)公仆”是實(shí)現(xiàn)人的解放的“心臟”,實(shí)行選舉制、撤換制和低薪制,防止“社會(huì)公仆”變?yōu)椤吧鐣?huì)主人”。1917年十月革命勝利之后,列寧結(jié)合蘇維埃政權(quán)建設(shè)的實(shí)踐發(fā)展和豐富了馬克思的“社會(huì)公仆”理論。他提出,蘇維埃政權(quán)的本質(zhì)就是由“社會(huì)公仆”代表人民管理國家,為使蘇維埃政權(quán)保持它的本質(zhì)特征,必須采取強(qiáng)有力的措施,防止“社會(huì)公仆”變?yōu)椤吧鐣?huì)主人”。 毛澤東的“社會(huì)公仆”理論要求“社會(huì)公仆”要走群眾路線,全心全意為人民服務(wù),同時(shí)還要接受來自社會(huì)各個(gè)方面的監(jiān)督。當(dāng)代中國共產(chǎn)黨人在改革開放過程中發(fā)展了經(jīng)典作家“社會(huì)公仆”的理論。鄧小平提出“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)就是服務(wù)”的思想,認(rèn)為“四化”是選拔合格“社會(huì)公仆”的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),強(qiáng)調(diào)加強(qiáng)對“社會(huì)公仆”監(jiān)督制度的建設(shè)。江澤民的“社會(huì)公仆”理論主要是：“國家機(jī)關(guān)和國家工作人員要當(dāng)好人民的公仆”,“人民的公仆有責(zé)任為國家的主人解除后顧之憂”,“人民的公仆必須受到人民和法律的監(jiān)督”。胡錦濤的“社會(huì)公仆”理論主要是：“黨的各級領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部是人民的公仆”,“樹立公仆意識(shí),牢記全心全意為人民服務(wù)的宗旨”,“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部是人民的公仆,一言一行必須受到黨和人民監(jiān)督”。 從經(jīng)典作家到當(dāng)代中國共產(chǎn)黨人,馬克思主義“社會(huì)公仆”理論演進(jìn)的軸心可以概括為：“社會(huì)公仆”要處理好與人民群眾的關(guān)系,解決好為誰服務(wù)的問題；“社會(huì)公仆”的選拔任用要規(guī)范化,解決好靠誰施政的問題；“社會(huì)公仆”要善于社會(huì)管理,解決好怎樣施政的問題。看馬克思主義“社會(huì)公仆”理論的發(fā)展脈絡(luò),可以發(fā)現(xiàn)此理論的特點(diǎn),即原則與立場一致——“社會(huì)公仆”代表廣大人民群眾的根本利益；發(fā)展與完善同步——“社會(huì)公仆”要接受來自各個(gè)方面的監(jiān)督。
[Abstract]:Marx and Engels initiated the theory of proletarian "social public servant" according to the historical materialism and the practice of the Paris Commune Revolution. Its main contents include "social public servants" as the "heart" of human liberation, the implementation of the electoral system, the abolition system and the low pay system, so as to prevent the "social public servants" from becoming "social masters." after the victory of the October Revolution in 1917, Lenin developed and enriched Marx's theory of "social servant" in combination with the practice of Soviet regime construction. He put forward that the essence of Soviet regime is that the "social public servant" manages the country on behalf of the people. In order to make the Soviet regime maintain its essential characteristics, it is necessary to take strong measures to prevent the "social public servant" from becoming "the social master". Mao Zedong's theory of "social public servant" requires "social public servant" to follow the mass line, serve the people wholeheartedly and accept supervision from all aspects of the society at the same time. In the process of reform and opening up, the contemporary Chinese Communists developed the theory of "social public servant". Deng Xiaoping puts forward the idea of "leadership is service", holds that "four modernizations" is the standard of selecting qualified "social public servants", and emphasizes on strengthening the construction of supervision system of "social public servants". Jiang Zemin's theory of "social public servant" is mainly as follows: "State organs and state functionaries should be good public servants of the people", "the public servants of the people have the responsibility to relieve the worries of the masters of the country". The public servants of the people must be supervised by the people and the law. Hu Jintao's theory of "social public servant" is mainly as follows: "leading cadres at all levels of the Party are public servants of the people", "establishing the consciousness of public servants and keeping in mind the purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly", "leading cadres are public servants of the people," Words and deeds must be supervised by the Party and the people. " From the classical writers to the contemporary Chinese Communists, the axis of the evolution of Marxist theory of "social public servants" can be summarized as follows: "social public servants" should deal well with the relations with the masses of the people and solve the problem of who to serve; The selection and appointment of "social public servants" should be standardized in order to solve the problem of depending on whom to administer, and the "social public servants" should be good at social management and solve the problem of how to administer well. Looking at the development of Marxist theory of "social public servant", we can find the characteristics of this theory, that is, the principle is consistent with the stand-"social public servant" represents the fundamental interests of the broad masses of the people; Development and perfection synchronization-"public servants" should be subject to supervision from all aspects.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：A811

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