本文選題：馬克思 + 民主思想��； 參考：《天津商業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文從馬克思民主思想的形成脈絡(luò)入手，以馬克思對(duì)資本主義民主的批判為視角，揭示馬克思民主思想的實(shí)質(zhì)與特征，深化對(duì)民主的認(rèn)識(shí)，展示馬克思民主思想的當(dāng)代價(jià)值。 馬克思通過對(duì)以往的民主思想進(jìn)行批判和借鑒，逐漸形成了自己的民主思想。從理論淵源上看，馬克思民主思想主要來自于盧梭的人民主權(quán)思想以及黑格爾的市民社會(huì)與國家理論；19世紀(jì)，西歐國家民主政治體制諸如議會(huì)制、政黨制、普選制的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展，以及無產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命運(yùn)動(dòng)的蓬勃發(fā)展，也為馬克思民主思想的產(chǎn)生創(chuàng)造了條件。從馬克思民主思想形成歷程上看，在萌芽之初，馬克思批判的矛頭主要指向封建專制主義，提出要通過民主爭得自由，通過對(duì)資本主義民主政治的揚(yáng)棄，他又提出了“真正的民主制”的理想；在參加了歐洲革命實(shí)踐之后，他的民主思想開始和革命思想緊密相連，他指出無產(chǎn)階級(jí)專政和不斷革命才是實(shí)現(xiàn)民主和人的自由解放的途徑；到了馬克思的晚年，他又通過對(duì)古代社會(huì)的研究，展望了未來社會(huì)的民主制。對(duì)資本主義民主的批判認(rèn)識(shí)是馬克思民主思想體系的重要組成部分，馬克思不否認(rèn)資本主義民主制度與封建專制制度相比有一定的進(jìn)步性，資本主義民主制度也是生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展的產(chǎn)物，它的民主原則也體現(xiàn)了社會(huì)的民主要求，同時(shí)還能為無產(chǎn)階級(jí)民主提供借鑒，但這一切并不能改變其資產(chǎn)階級(jí)專政的階級(jí)實(shí)質(zhì)，它的民主原則只是為了占有生產(chǎn)資料的統(tǒng)治階級(jí)服務(wù)，并沒有貫徹人民當(dāng)家作主的本質(zhì)要求。在此基礎(chǔ)上，馬克思闡述了自己的無產(chǎn)階級(jí)民主思想，主要包括人民主權(quán)和人的解放思想、無產(chǎn)階級(jí)專政思想、民主共和國思想等。馬克思認(rèn)為民主制就是“人民主權(quán)”，雖然通過政治解放可以實(shí)現(xiàn)每個(gè)人的人權(quán)，但實(shí)現(xiàn)人類自由解放只有消滅私有制。這樣就必須由無產(chǎn)階級(jí)和廣大勞動(dòng)人民掌握政權(quán)，實(shí)行無產(chǎn)階級(jí)專政，用民主共和國的形式組織政權(quán)，參與和管理國家事務(wù)，直到實(shí)現(xiàn)國家自行消亡、消滅階級(jí)統(tǒng)治，達(dá)到人類自由解放的目的。 綜上，我們可以看到：馬克思在批判的繼承了盧梭、黑格爾等人的民主思想后，從哲學(xué)上發(fā)現(xiàn)了“真正的民主制”；然后他又找到了實(shí)現(xiàn)這一理想的主體——無產(chǎn)階級(jí)，以及實(shí)現(xiàn)途徑——無產(chǎn)階級(jí)專政；最后通過參與革命實(shí)踐，總結(jié)出了斗爭形式和政治組織原則；同時(shí)，在對(duì)資本主義民主批判的基礎(chǔ)上，，闡述了自己的民主思想，這樣馬克思民主思想的內(nèi)在邏輯已經(jīng)構(gòu)建完成。 通過對(duì)馬克思民主思想的分析，我們可以看到它對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)問題仍然具有強(qiáng)大的解釋力，仍然具有當(dāng)代價(jià)值。它不僅可以幫助我們進(jìn)一步認(rèn)識(shí)資本主義民主，還能克服我們?cè)诋?dāng)代民主政治認(rèn)知和實(shí)踐上的矛盾，同時(shí)指導(dǎo)我們更好的推進(jìn)社會(huì)主義民主政治建設(shè)。
[Abstract]:From the perspective of Marx's critique of capitalist democracy, this paper reveals the essence and characteristics of Marx's democratic thought, deepens his understanding of democracy, and shows the contemporary value of Marx's democratic thought. Marx gradually formed his own democratic thought by criticizing and drawing lessons from the former democratic thought. From the theoretical origin, Marx's democratic thought mainly comes from Rousseau's thought of people's sovereignty and Hegel's theory of civil society and state. In the 19th century, the democratic political system of Western European countries such as parliamentary system and political party system. The emergence and development of the universal election system and the vigorous development of the proletarian revolutionary movement also created conditions for the emergence of Marx's democratic thought. From the point of view of the forming process of Marx's democratic thought, at the beginning of its germination, Marx's criticism was mainly directed at feudal autocracy, and he proposed that freedom should be won through democracy, and the sublation of capitalist democratic politics should be adopted. He put forward the ideal of "true democracy"; after taking part in the practice of revolution in Europe, his democratic ideas began to be closely linked to revolutionary ideas. He pointed out that the dictatorship of the proletariat and the continuous revolution were the only way to realize democracy and the free liberation of human beings. In the late years of Marx, he looked forward to the democratic system of the future society through the study of the ancient society. The critical understanding of capitalist democracy is an important part of Marx's democratic ideological system. Marx does not deny that capitalist democracy has a certain degree of progress compared with feudal autocratic system. The capitalist democratic system is also the product of the development of productive forces, and its democratic principles also reflect the democratic requirements of society, and at the same time can provide a reference for proletarian democracy, but all this cannot change the class essence of its bourgeois dictatorship. Its democratic principle serves only the ruling class that possesses the means of production, and does not carry out the essential requirements of the people as masters of their own country. On this basis, Marx elaborated his proletarian democratic thought, mainly including people's sovereignty and people's emancipation thought, proletarian dictatorship thought, democratic republic thought and so on. Marx believed that democracy is "people's sovereignty". Although human rights can be realized through political liberation, the only way to realize human freedom is to eliminate private ownership. In this way, it is necessary for the proletariat and the working people to take power, to exercise the dictatorship of the proletariat, to organize political power in the form of democratic republics, to participate in and administer state affairs, until the state dies by itself and to eliminate class rule. To achieve the goal of the free liberation of mankind. In summary, we can see that Marx, after critically inheriting Rousseau's and Hegel's democratic thoughts, found "real democracy" in philosophy, and then he found the proletariat, the main body to realize this ideal. And the way to realize proletarian dictatorship; finally, through participating in the revolutionary practice, summing up the forms of struggle and the principles of political organization; at the same time, on the basis of criticizing capitalist democracy, expounding one's own democratic ideas, Thus the inner logic of Marx's democratic thought has been constructed. Through the analysis of Marx's democratic thought, we can see that it still has strong explanatory power to the realistic problem and still has the contemporary value. It can not only help us to further understand the capitalist democracy, but also overcome the contradiction between our cognition and practice in the contemporary democratic politics, and guide us to better promote the socialist democratic politics construction at the same time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津商業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：A811;D082

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本文編號(hào)：2033013