本文選題：新疆 + 城鄉(xiāng)差別　； 參考：《喀什師范學院》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：城鄉(xiāng)差別是自有城鄉(xiāng)以來人類社會發(fā)展的普遍現(xiàn)象，是指城市和鄉(xiāng)村之間經(jīng)濟文化水平和社會經(jīng)濟關(guān)系等方面的不同和差異。改革開放以來，中國經(jīng)濟取得了舉世矚目的成就，經(jīng)濟、政治、文化和社會發(fā)展方面的城鄉(xiāng)差距也逐步拉大，城鄉(xiāng)差距過大不僅影響到國民經(jīng)濟快速健康發(fā)展，而且影響到社會安定和政治穩(wěn)定，該問題已引起社會各界的廣泛關(guān)注。 城鄉(xiāng)差距問題，通常在經(jīng)濟落后地區(qū)表現(xiàn)的更為明顯。新疆地處我國西北邊陲，周邊與八個國家接壤，是一個多民族聚居和多種宗教并存的地區(qū)。隨著新疆經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展，其城鄉(xiāng)差別問題也越來越突出，如果任其發(fā)展，不僅會影響新疆全面建設(shè)小康社會戰(zhàn)略目標的實施，而且勢必影響整個社會長治久安的大局。目前，新疆的城鄉(xiāng)差距問題已引起了國家政府和新疆高層的高度重視。2010年中央新疆工作座談會提出新疆跨越式發(fā)展和長治久安的戰(zhàn)略目標。在新疆跨越式發(fā)展背景下，研究新疆城鄉(xiāng)差別問題對促進新疆的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和社會穩(wěn)定有著積極的現(xiàn)實指導意義。 本文旨在以馬克思主義城鄉(xiāng)關(guān)系理論為指導，以國內(nèi)外城鄉(xiāng)差別的研究成果為基礎(chǔ)，根據(jù)提出問題、分析問題和解決問題的總要求，運用歷史和現(xiàn)實相結(jié)合、理論與實踐相結(jié)合的研究方法，總結(jié)闡述新疆城鄉(xiāng)差別的現(xiàn)狀，分析其形成的歷史原因和現(xiàn)實原因，并提出若干切實可行的新疆縮小城鄉(xiāng)差別的對策和建議。主要工作可概括如下： 首先，本文簡述了馬克思、恩格斯、列寧和斯大林有關(guān)縮小城鄉(xiāng)差別的基本理論，，并對毛澤東、鄧小平、江澤民和胡錦濤的縮小中國城鄉(xiāng)差別思想進行了總結(jié)和概述。 其次，本文從城鄉(xiāng)收入差別、教育差別、社會保障差別和文化差別等多個方面闡述了新疆城鄉(xiāng)差別的現(xiàn)狀，從歷史和現(xiàn)實角度分析了新疆城鄉(xiāng)差別的形成原因，主要有市場經(jīng)濟體制的影響、城鄉(xiāng)二元結(jié)構(gòu)的影響、新疆工業(yè)化水平的影響、國家政策偏向的影響以及新疆地理條件和地域文化的影響等。 最后，本文以科學發(fā)展觀為指導，結(jié)合新疆的區(qū)情區(qū)貌，根據(jù)創(chuàng)新解決問題的基本思路，提出若干新疆縮小城鄉(xiāng)差別的對策建議，如轉(zhuǎn)變政策取向并逐步改變城鄉(xiāng)二元結(jié)構(gòu)、統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展大力推進農(nóng)村城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)、增強農(nóng)村發(fā)展能力從而增加農(nóng)民收入，以及加快社會主義新農(nóng)村建設(shè)等。 雖然新疆城鄉(xiāng)差別有其特殊原因，但仍符合城鄉(xiāng)差別變動的一般規(guī)律，即先擴大后縮小的過程。面臨著新的發(fā)展機遇和挑戰(zhàn)，新疆城鄉(xiāng)差別的縮小不僅是必要的而且是可行的，是一項復(fù)雜的社會系統(tǒng)工程，也是一種長期艱巨的歷史過程，在這一過程中需要政府、城市和農(nóng)村的共同努力。
[Abstract]:The difference between urban and rural areas is a common phenomenon of the development of human society since its own urban and rural areas. It refers to the differences and differences in the economic and cultural level and social economic relations between the cities and the countryside. Since the reform and opening up, the Chinese economy has achieved remarkable achievements, and the urban and rural gap in economic, political, cultural and social development has gradually widened. The large gap between rural areas not only affects the rapid and healthy development of the national economy, but also affects social stability and political stability. This problem has aroused wide attention from all walks of life.
The gap between urban and rural areas is usually more obvious in the economically backward areas. Xinjiang is located in the northwest border of China, bordering with eight countries, is a multi-ethnic settlement and a variety of religions. With the rapid economic development of Xinjiang, the problem of urban and rural differences is becoming more and more prominent, if it is developed, it will not only affect the whole of Xinjiang. The implementation of the strategic goal of building a well-off society is bound to affect the overall situation of the long-term stability of the whole society. At present, the gap between the urban and rural areas of Xinjiang has attracted the high attention of the national government and the high level of Xinjiang in the Xinjiang central Xinjiang work symposium to put forward the strategic goal of Xinjiang's leap forward development and Changzhi long an security. Under the background of the exhibition, studying the difference between urban and rural areas in Xinjiang has a positive and practical guiding significance for promoting economic development and social stability in Xinjiang.
This paper, based on the theory of Marx's urban-rural relations, is based on the research results of urban and rural differences both at home and abroad, based on the problems and the general requirements for analyzing and solving problems, using the combination of history and reality, theory and practice, summarizing the current situation of urban and rural differences in Xinjiang and analyzing the history of its formation. Historical reasons and realistic reasons, and put forward some feasible countermeasures and suggestions for narrowing the difference between urban and rural areas in Xinjiang.
First of all, this article briefly describes the basic theories of Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin on reducing the differences between urban and rural areas, and summarizes and summarizes the ideas of narrowing the difference between urban and rural areas in China, Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao.
Secondly, this paper expounds the current situation of urban and rural differences in Xinjiang from different aspects of urban and rural income differences, educational differences, social security differences and cultural differences. From the historical and practical perspectives, this paper analyzes the reasons for the formation of urban and rural differences in Xinjiang, mainly the influence of the market economy system, the influence of the two yuan structure of urban and rural areas, the influence of the industrialization level of Xinjiang, and the influence of the country's industrialization level. The influence of home policy bias and the influence of Xinjiang's geographical conditions and regional culture.
Finally, this paper, guided by Scientific Outlook on Development, combined with the district situation of Xinjiang, and according to the basic idea of solving the problem by innovation, puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to reduce the difference between urban and rural areas in Xinjiang, such as changing policy orientation and gradually changing the two yuan structure in urban and rural areas, coordinating urban and rural development into rural urbanization and enhancing the capacity of rural development. Increase farmers' income and speed up the building of a new socialist countryside.
Although there are special reasons for the difference between urban and rural areas in Xinjiang, it is still in line with the general law of the changes in urban and rural differences, that is, the process of enlarging and narrowing first. Facing the new development opportunities and challenges, the reduction of the urban and rural differences in Xinjiang is not only necessary but also feasible. It is a complex social system project and a long and arduous historical process, In this process, we need the joint efforts of the government, the city and the countryside.

【學位授予單位】：喀什師范學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：A811;F290

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