本文選題：馬克思　切入點(diǎn)：人的發(fā)展理論　出處：《遼寧大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：人的發(fā)展理論是馬克思主義哲學(xué)理論的重要內(nèi)容。馬克思對(duì)人的發(fā)展有過(guò)系統(tǒng)而深刻的論述。馬克思主義人的發(fā)展觀確立了人在物質(zhì)世界中的主體地位和價(jià)值，強(qiáng)調(diào)了人與社會(huì)、自然發(fā)展的和諧統(tǒng)一，人的發(fā)展觀確立了以人為本的可持續(xù)發(fā)展理念,突出了人的發(fā)展在社會(huì)發(fā)展中的核心和基礎(chǔ)地位。近些年來(lái)，隨著社會(huì)主義實(shí)踐的發(fā)展，人的發(fā)展問(wèn)題不斷得以突出。本文試圖通過(guò)考察馬克思的思想發(fā)展和根本內(nèi)涵，揭示馬克思思想語(yǔ)境中的人的發(fā)展理論，進(jìn)而為我們當(dāng)前研究和認(rèn)識(shí)人的發(fā)展問(wèn)題提供基本的視角和理論參照。具體來(lái)說(shuō)，本文著眼于馬克思關(guān)于人的發(fā)展問(wèn)題的理論資源，吸收馬克思思想視域中人的發(fā)展的具體道路和方向，轉(zhuǎn)換國(guó)內(nèi)人的發(fā)展問(wèn)題研究的視角和方法，，為當(dāng)下中國(guó)社會(huì)和人的發(fā)展提供基本的思考路徑。圍繞這一目標(biāo)，本文共分四個(gè)部分： 論文的第一部分對(duì)馬克思提出人的發(fā)展理論的時(shí)代背景和理論淵源做出了全面的梳理。人的發(fā)展理論的時(shí)代背景主要從馬克思所處的社會(huì)提出的2個(gè)問(wèn)題著手，就是人的異化和人的解放。資本主義社會(huì)中資本家利用資本主義私有制將工人們異化，為此，馬克思利用生產(chǎn)勞動(dòng)這一全新理論去揭發(fā)當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)的復(fù)雜以及資本主義的生產(chǎn)方式。人的發(fā)展理論的理論淵源是從文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的自然主義的感性的人開(kāi)始，到18世紀(jì)法國(guó)啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)期提出理性的人，發(fā)展到19世紀(jì)法國(guó)空想社會(huì)主義時(shí)期的人道主義，再到19世紀(jì)德國(guó)的人本主義時(shí)期的人道主義，進(jìn)行了歷史理論的梳理。 第二部分是闡述馬克思關(guān)于人的發(fā)展理論三重維度的內(nèi)容展開(kāi)，第一是人的自然維度，從自然對(duì)人的根基性，人對(duì)自然的超越性和人與自然關(guān)系的歷史演變來(lái)分析。第二是人的社會(huì)維度，是闡述馬克思提出的人的發(fā)展的“三大歷史形態(tài)”，包括前資本主義社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下的“人的依賴(lài)”，資本主義社會(huì)工業(yè)生產(chǎn)條件下的“物的依賴(lài)”，還有共產(chǎn)主義社會(huì)知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下的“自由個(gè)性”。第三是人的實(shí)踐維度，論述了實(shí)踐是人的生存方式，也是社會(huì)生活的發(fā)源地，我們?nèi)可钤诒举|(zhì)上是實(shí)踐。 第三部分闡明馬克思關(guān)于人的發(fā)展理論的三重維度的基本特征，第一是整體性特征，因?yàn)槿说陌l(fā)展是一個(gè)總體的過(guò)程，并不是一個(gè)一勞永逸的事件。第二是歷史性特征，說(shuō)明人是處于實(shí)踐活動(dòng)中的歷史性的個(gè)人。第三是現(xiàn)實(shí)性特征，人不是單個(gè)人固有的抽象物，它是在現(xiàn)實(shí)性上表現(xiàn)為一切社會(huì)關(guān)系的總和。 第四部分是論述了馬克思關(guān)于人的發(fā)展理論的三重維度的當(dāng)代意義。它為可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供了理論基礎(chǔ)，為生態(tài)文明社會(huì)提供了理論保障。人與自然的和諧關(guān)系，讓人成為自然界的自覺(jué)的主人。人與人之間的公平，使人成為自己的社會(huì)關(guān)系的主人最終達(dá)到可持續(xù)發(fā)展的終極目標(biāo)——人的全面發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The theory of human development is an important part of Marxist philosophical theory. Marx had a systematic and profound exposition on human development. The Marxist concept of human development established the subject position and value of man in the material world. It emphasizes the harmony and unity of human and society and natural development. The concept of human development establishes the concept of people-oriented sustainable development, and highlights the core and basic position of human development in social development. With the development of socialist practice, the problem of human development is becoming more and more prominent. This paper attempts to reveal the theory of human development in Marx's ideological context by examining Marx's ideological development and its fundamental connotation. Then it provides a basic perspective and theoretical reference for our current research and understanding of human development. Specifically, this paper focuses on Marx's theoretical resources on human development. To absorb the specific way and direction of human development in Marx's thought field, to change the perspective and method of domestic research on human development, and to provide a basic way of thinking for the present Chinese society and human development. This paper is divided into four parts:. The first part of the paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the background and theoretical origin of Marx's theory of human development. The background of the theory of human development mainly begins with the two problems raised by Marx's society. In capitalist society capitalists use capitalist private ownership to dissimilate workers. Marx used the new theory of production and labor to expose the complexity of society at that time and the capitalist mode of production. The theoretical origin of the theory of human development began with the perceptual man of naturalism during the Renaissance. By the 18th century the French Enlightenment period put forward the rational people, developed to the 19th century French utopian socialism period of humanitarianism, then to the 19th century German humanism period of humanitarianism, carried on the historical theory combing. The second part is to expound the contents of the three dimensions of Marx's theory of human development. The first is the natural dimension of man, which is based on the nature of man. Man's transcendence of nature and the historical evolution of the relationship between man and nature are analyzed. The second is the social dimension of man. It is the "three historical forms" of human development put forward by Marx, including "human dependence" under pre-capitalist social and economic conditions, "material dependence" under industrial production conditions in capitalist society, and communist society. "Free personality" under the condition of knowledge economy. The third is the dimension of human practice. Practice is the way of life and the birthplace of social life. The third part clarifies the basic characteristics of the triple dimension of Marx's theory of human development. The first is the holistic feature, because human development is a general process, not an event once and for all, and the second is the historical feature. It shows that man is a historical individual in practical activities. The third is the characteristics of reality. Man is not an inherent abstract object of a single person. It is the summation of all social relations in reality. The fourth part discusses the contemporary significance of the triple dimensions of Marx's theory of human development, which provides a theoretical basis for sustainable development and a theoretical guarantee for the ecological civilization society, and a harmonious relationship between man and nature. Let man become the conscious master of nature, and the fairness between human beings makes man become the master of his own social relations, and finally achieve the ultimate goal of sustainable development-the all-round development of human beings.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：A811;B038

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