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  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 馬克思 現(xiàn)實的個人 歷史唯物主義　出處：《浙江師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：社會主義市場經(jīng)濟的建立和發(fā)展,使得人們在物質(zhì)上日益豐富,但這種發(fā)展同時也帶來了一系列的問題。市場經(jīng)濟的利益驅(qū)動和其培育個人發(fā)展的特性,使人們往往局限于追求個人的利益得失,過多的注重物質(zhì)利益,而忽視人精神方面的追求,從而導(dǎo)致人的發(fā)展上的片面化和物化狀態(tài)。中國經(jīng)濟快速的粗放發(fā)展在一定程度上是建立在個人片面發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)上的,這就要求揚棄個人發(fā)展的這種片面性,以推動社會和經(jīng)濟全面發(fā)展。馬克思關(guān)于“現(xiàn)實的個人”思想為我們走出人的發(fā)展困境提供了有益啟示。作為唯物史觀構(gòu)成部分的馬克思“現(xiàn)實的個人”思想,把“現(xiàn)實的個人”作為歷史發(fā)展的起點,科學(xué)闡釋了“現(xiàn)實的個人”發(fā)展與社會發(fā)展的間的關(guān)系,揭示了個人由“片面”向“全面”發(fā)展的過程及其規(guī)律。馬克思“現(xiàn)實的個人”思想及其當代意義,為正確認識目前中國人的發(fā)展與社會發(fā)展的關(guān)系,促進人的全面發(fā)展,實現(xiàn)個人發(fā)展與社會發(fā)展的和諧統(tǒng)一,提供了重要啟示。 本文以唯物史觀為指導(dǎo),系統(tǒng)闡釋了馬克思關(guān)于“現(xiàn)實的個人”思想提出的理論淵源、思想內(nèi)容的基本架構(gòu)及其實踐意義。全文共分為四大部分： 本文第一部分探究馬克思“現(xiàn)實的個人”思想所批判的對象。馬克思“現(xiàn)實的個人”思想的形成與鮑威爾、費爾巴哈和施蒂納三者相關(guān)思想有直接關(guān)系,因此,我們有必要首先系統(tǒng)闡述他們?nèi)说南嚓P(guān)思想,即：鮑威爾的“自我意識”思想、費爾巴哈的“類”思想以及施蒂納的“唯一者”思想。 第二部分重點闡釋了馬克思對鮑威爾、費爾巴哈和施蒂納三者相關(guān)思想的批判。馬克思“現(xiàn)實的個人”思想源于馬克思對鮑威爾、費爾巴哈和施蒂納相關(guān)思想的批判。該部分系統(tǒng)的闡述了馬克思對鮑威爾的“自我意識”思想、費爾巴哈的“類”思想和施蒂納的“唯一者”思想的批判,并在此基礎(chǔ)上考察了“三種批判”在這一思想形成中的作用。 第三部分論述了馬克思“現(xiàn)實的個人”思想的基本架構(gòu)。主要包括：“現(xiàn)實的個人”思想的內(nèi)涵和內(nèi)在的基本特性,馬克思“現(xiàn)實的個人”思想在唯物史觀中的重要地位,以及馬克思對“現(xiàn)實的個人”思想的進一步豐富和發(fā)展。 最后一部分論證了馬克思“現(xiàn)實的個人”思想研究的實踐意義。該部分首先闡述當代中國人所面臨的生存發(fā)展困境,即人的理想信仰的缺失以及人的物化現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn),以此進一步指出,我們分析問題和解決問題始終要以“現(xiàn)實的個人”作為出發(fā)點,把“現(xiàn)實的個人”作為社會發(fā)展的起點和旨歸,不斷推進人的全面自由的發(fā)展,以實現(xiàn)人與社會的和諧統(tǒng)一。
[Abstract]:With the establishment and development of socialist market economy, people are increasingly rich in material, but this development also brings a series of problems. So that people are often limited to the pursuit of personal interests, too much attention to material interests, and ignore the pursuit of human spirit. This leads to the one-sided and materialized state of human development. To some extent, the rapid and extensive development of China's economy is based on the one-sided development of the individual, which requires the abandonment of the one-sidedness of the individual development. In order to promote the all-round development of society and economy, Marx's thought on "realistic individual" has provided us with useful enlightenment for us to get out of the predicament of human development. As a component of historical materialism, Marx's "realistic individual" thought. Taking "realistic individual" as the starting point of historical development, this paper scientifically explains the relationship between the development of "realistic individual" and social development. It reveals the process and law of individual development from "one-sided" to "all-round". Marx's thought of "realistic individual" and its contemporary significance, in order to correctly understand the relationship between Chinese development and social development at present. Promoting the all-round development of human beings and realizing the harmony and unity of individual development and social development provide important enlightenment. Under the guidance of historical materialism, this paper systematically explains the theoretical origin, the basic structure and practical significance of Marx's thought on "realistic individual". The full text is divided into four parts: The first part of this paper explores the object of Marx's thought of "realistic individual". The formation of Marx's thought of "realistic individual" is directly related to the related thoughts of Powell, Feuerbach and Steiner. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically expound the related thoughts of the three of them, namely: Powell's "self-consciousness", Feuerbach's "class" and Steiner's "one and only". The second part focuses on Marx's criticism of Powell, Feuerbach and Steiner. Marx's "realistic individual" thought originates from Marx's criticism of Powell. This part systematically expounds Marx's criticism of Powell's "self-consciousness", Feuerbach's "class" and Steiner's "only one". On this basis, the author examines the role of "three kinds of criticism" in the formation of this thought. The third part discusses the basic structure of Marx's thought of "realistic individual", mainly including: the connotation and internal basic characteristic of "realistic individual" thought. The important position of Marx's thought of "realistic individual" in historical materialism, and the further enrichment and development of Marx's thought of "realistic individual". The last part demonstrates the practical significance of Marx's "realistic individual" thought research. That is, the absence of human ideal belief and the appearance of materialization of human beings, which further points out that we should always take the "realistic individual" as the starting point to analyze and solve problems. Taking the "realistic individual" as the starting point and aim of social development, we should continuously promote the all-round and free development of human beings in order to realize the harmony and unity between human beings and society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：A811

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