本文關(guān)鍵詞： 馬克思恩格斯 生態(tài)權(quán)益 思想 生態(tài)問(wèn)題　出處：《蘇州大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：公民的生態(tài)權(quán)益與經(jīng)濟(jì)權(quán)益、政治權(quán)益、文化權(quán)益、社會(huì)權(quán)益等多種權(quán)益-樣,是人權(quán)的重要組成部分和重要內(nèi)容,與人們的生活密切相關(guān),是人的自由而全面發(fā)展的重要條件。人類(lèi)的生存和發(fā)展須臾離不開(kāi)自然環(huán)境,人與自然和諧相處,是人類(lèi)社會(huì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)。生態(tài)環(huán)境具有公共性,涉及地球上幾乎所有人的利益,一旦被破壞,人類(lèi)的生存和發(fā)展將成為無(wú)源之水、無(wú)本之木,整個(gè)社會(huì)也將沒(méi)有未來(lái)。馬克思恩格斯的生態(tài)權(quán)益思想,是運(yùn)用唯物史觀說(shuō)明自然發(fā)展規(guī)律、社會(huì)發(fā)展規(guī)律的重要理論學(xué)說(shuō),彰顯了馬克思主義的生態(tài)話語(yǔ)權(quán),凸顯了人類(lèi)生態(tài)安全的戰(zhàn)略價(jià)值,是指導(dǎo)當(dāng)代中國(guó)推進(jìn)生態(tài)文明建設(shè)的思想武器,有利于促進(jìn)現(xiàn)代社會(huì)生態(tài)人的成長(zhǎng)和生態(tài)文明社會(huì)的構(gòu)建。 生態(tài)權(quán)益思想是馬克思恩格斯生態(tài)理論與人學(xué)理論的重要組成部分,研究生態(tài)理論離不開(kāi)對(duì)生態(tài)權(quán)益的探討。生態(tài)權(quán)益是馬克思恩格斯非常關(guān)注和致力研究的問(wèn)題,盡管在馬克思恩格斯的著作中沒(méi)有明確提出“生態(tài)權(quán)益”的概念,但是他們?cè)谥T多論著中都包含著豐富的關(guān)于人類(lèi)特別是無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)和廣大勞動(dòng)人民生態(tài)權(quán)益保護(hù)的思想,擺脫自然壓迫和社會(huì)壓迫,達(dá)到人與自然的和解以及人與社會(huì)的和解,是他們創(chuàng)建科學(xué)社會(huì)主義理論的重要價(jià)值指向。 馬克思恩格斯生態(tài)權(quán)益思想的形成建立在他們對(duì)工人階級(jí)悲慘境況的關(guān)懷和對(duì)資本主義制度痼疾的深刻揭露以及對(duì)生態(tài)權(quán)益重大價(jià)值敏銳洞察的基礎(chǔ)上。馬克思恩格斯生態(tài)權(quán)益思想的立論基點(diǎn)是人不應(yīng)該成為生態(tài)的破壞者,而應(yīng)成為生態(tài)的珍惜者、維護(hù)者、享受者。研究文明作為一個(gè)對(duì)抗的過(guò)程中的人與自然的關(guān)系是馬克思恩格斯生態(tài)權(quán)益思想的重要內(nèi)容。人的權(quán)益和自然權(quán)益是統(tǒng)一的,要堅(jiān)持生態(tài)正義,在認(rèn)識(shí)和把握自然規(guī)律中維護(hù)和發(fā)展人的生態(tài)權(quán)益,反對(duì)和批判人類(lèi)中心主義,做良好生態(tài)環(huán)境的建構(gòu)者。馬克思恩格斯生態(tài)權(quán)益思想指出了人類(lèi)生態(tài)權(quán)益被破壞的制度根源。生態(tài)災(zāi)難是資本主義造成的普遍現(xiàn)象,工業(yè)的資本主義性質(zhì)和資本主義的反生態(tài)本質(zhì)以及資本主義社會(huì)里城市和鄉(xiāng)村的對(duì)立導(dǎo)致的城鄉(xiāng)生態(tài)對(duì)立,破壞了生態(tài)環(huán)境,侵犯了無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)和廣大勞動(dòng)人民的生態(tài)權(quán)益。與資本主義相比,共產(chǎn)主義社會(huì)在維護(hù)和實(shí)現(xiàn)人的生態(tài)權(quán)益上具有無(wú)可比擬的優(yōu)越性,共產(chǎn)主義社會(huì)才能從根本上解決人的生態(tài)權(quán)益實(shí)現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題。
[Abstract]:The ecological rights and interests of citizens and economic rights and interests, political rights and interests, cultural rights and interests, social rights and interests are important components and important content of human rights, and closely related to people's lives. Human survival and development can not be separated from the natural environment. Harmony between human and nature is the basis of sustainable development of human society. Ecological environment has a public nature. Involving the interests of almost all people on the earth, once destroyed, the survival and development of mankind will become the water of no source, no wood, the whole society will have no future. Marx and Engels' ecological rights and interests thought. It is the important theory of using historical materialism to explain the law of natural development and the law of social development, to highlight the ecological discourse right of Marxism, and to highlight the strategic value of human ecological security. It is the ideological weapon to guide the construction of ecological civilization in contemporary China, which is helpful to promote the growth of ecological people and the construction of ecological civilization in modern society. The thought of ecological rights and interests is an important part of Marx and Engels' ecological theory and human theory. The study of ecological theory is inseparable from the discussion of ecological rights and interests, which Marx and Engels pay close attention to and devote themselves to. Although the concept of "ecological rights" is not clearly put forward in Marx and Engels' works. However, in many works, they all contain rich ideas about the protection of the ecological rights and interests of human beings, especially the proletariat and the working people, and get rid of the natural oppression and social oppression. To achieve reconciliation between man and nature and between man and society is the important value direction of their theory of scientific socialism. The formation of Marx and Engels' thought of ecological rights and interests is based on their concern for the tragic situation of the working class, their deep exposure to the chronic diseases of the capitalist system and their keen insight into the great value of ecological rights and interests. The basic point of Engels' thought of ecological rights and interests is that man should not be the destroyer of ecology. It should be the treasurer and defender of ecology. The study of the relationship between man and nature in the process of civilization as a confrontation is an important content of Marx and Engels' thought of ecological rights and interests. The rights and interests of human beings and the rights of nature are unified, and ecological justice should be adhered to. In understanding and grasping the laws of nature, we should safeguard and develop the ecological rights and interests of human beings, and oppose and criticize anthropocentrism. As the constructor of good ecological environment, Marx and Engels' ecological rights and interests thought pointed out the system root of human ecological rights and interests being destroyed. Ecological disaster is a universal phenomenon caused by capitalism. The capitalist nature of industry, the anti-ecological nature of capitalism and the urban and rural ecological antagonism in capitalist society have destroyed the ecological environment. It infringes on the ecological rights and interests of the proletariat and the working people. Compared with capitalism, the communist society has unparalleled advantages in safeguarding and realizing the ecological rights and interests of human beings. Only in communist society can people's ecological rights and interests be fundamentally solved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘇州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X2;A811

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