【摘要】：磨溝墓地位于甘肅省臨潭縣磨溝村,是一處面積較大,墓葬結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的齊家文化時(shí)代晚期的墓群,其豎穴偏室墓的墓葬結(jié)構(gòu)、多人多次合葬現(xiàn)象、豐富的出土遺物等都引起了考古界的廣泛關(guān)注。磨溝墓地中埋葬的未成年人數(shù)量較多,本文以該墓地中的未成年人為研究對象,對未成年人的埋葬情況進(jìn)行了全面的整理和分析。磨溝墓地的未成年人在墓葬中的埋葬位置復(fù)雜,多數(shù)未成年人埋葬在偏室中,多與成年男女合葬,推測磨溝墓地齊家文化時(shí)期的先民實(shí)行的是家庭式合葬,家庭成為社會的基本組成細(xì)胞。埋在墓道中的未成年,其性質(zhì)與偏室中的未成人不同,從數(shù)量、葬式、隨葬品等各個(gè)方面分析都與偏室中的未成年人有較大的差異,本文認(rèn)為這些被埋葬在墓道中的未成年人是殉人的可能性較大,有些甚至可能是人牲。未成年人與成年人合葬是磨溝墓地未成人埋葬的一大特點(diǎn),從對成年人性別的統(tǒng)計(jì)看,成年女性與未成年人的合葬數(shù)量遠(yuǎn)多于成年男性與未成年人的合葬數(shù)量,墓地中的成年女性數(shù)量也遠(yuǎn)多于成年男性,這與史前時(shí)期較多墓地中所顯示出來的人骨的高性比有著較大的出入。在磨溝墓地中成年人與未成年人合葬墓如此多的情況下,成年男性與未成年人合葬的數(shù)量尚不占優(yōu)勢,在齊家文化其它墓地中,成年人與未成年人合葬墓寥寥無幾的情況下,以幾座特殊的成年男性與未成年的合葬來證明父權(quán)制的建立是否科學(xué)是值得懷疑的。從母系氏族社會發(fā)展到父系氏族社會已成為人們的思維定勢,各種研究也囿于這種思維定勢,以個(gè)例來推斷整個(gè)社會的發(fā)展情況,又以社會的發(fā)展情況來證明出現(xiàn)這些個(gè)例的合理性。本文從對未成年人的研究出發(fā)認(rèn)為應(yīng)突破思維定勢的限制,跳出對各個(gè)墓地共性研究的盲目追求,真實(shí)反映和深入研究墓地的個(gè)性同樣應(yīng)該得到重視。
[Abstract]:Mogou Cemetery is located in Mogou Village, Lintan County, Gansu Province. it is a group of tombs in the late Qijia cultural era, which has a large area and complex tomb structure. its vertical hole is partial to the tomb structure, and many people are buried together many times. Rich unearthed relics and so on have aroused widespread concern in the field of archaeology. The number of minors buried in Mogou graveyard is large. This paper takes the minors in the graveyard as the research object, and makes a comprehensive arrangement and analysis of the burying situation of minors. The burying position of minors in Mogou Cemetery is complex. Most minors are buried in partial rooms and are mostly buried with adult men and women. It is speculated that the ancestors of Mogou Cemetery during the Qi family culture period carried out family-style joint funeral. The family becomes the basic constituent cell of society. The nature of underage buried in the tomb is different from that of the minor in the partial chamber, and there are great differences between the minor in the partial chamber and the minor in the partial chamber from the aspects of quantity, funeral type, funeral objects and so on. This paper holds that these minors buried in the tomb are more likely to be martyrs, and some may even be human beings. The joint funeral of minors and adults is a major feature of the burying of minors in Mogou graveyard. According to the statistics of adult sex, the number of joint buries between adult women and minors is much greater than that between adult men and minors. The number of adult women in cemeteries is also much higher than that of adult men, which is quite different from the high sex ratio of human bones shown in more cemeteries in prehistoric times. In the Mogou graveyard, where there are so many tombs where adults and minors are buried together, the number of adult men buried with minors is not dominant. In other cemeteries of Qijia culture, there are very few tombs co-buried with minors. It is questionable whether the establishment of patriarchy is scientific by the joint funeral of several special adult men and minors. From the development of maternal clan society to patrilineal clan society, it has become the fixed trend of people's thinking, and all kinds of studies are confined to this kind of thinking trend, and the development of the whole society can be inferred from an example. The rationality of these cases is proved by the development of society. Starting from the study of minors, this paper holds that we should break through the limitation of thinking set, jump out of the blind pursuit of the common study of each graveyard, and truly reflect and deeply study the personality of cemeteries should also be paid attention to.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K878.8

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