長江下游地區(qū)史前經濟與社會文明化進程
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-17 18:40
【摘要】：長江下游地區(qū)史前文化的發(fā)展,在中國史前文化格局和早期文明起源問題中扮演著一個十分重要的角色。對這個地區(qū)史前社會復雜化過程的系統研究,不僅有助于區(qū)域研究從文化史層次進一步向社會取向轉化,同時也對正確認識中國早期文明多元一體的發(fā)展過程有重大的意義。 本文的研究,在長江下游地區(qū)大量的考古發(fā)掘和研究已經構建起詳盡的史前文化譜系和編年的基礎上,以史前經濟為切入點,以聚落考古學的研究方法為核心,將經濟與社會、聚落個體與聚落群體的研究放在同等重要的位置上,對長江下游地區(qū)史前經濟和社會文明化進程進行重新梳理和思考,為中國史前社會文明化的研究提供一條新的思路及研究實例。 其中,社會經濟的研究將堅持宏觀與微觀相結合的方法,即一方面以區(qū)域性的宏觀考察為主,另一方面又將考察的重點置于比較容易觀察且易被實物遺存證實的取食生業(yè)系統和手工業(yè)及其產品貿易系統這兩大系統,從社會經濟的角度對長江下游地區(qū)史前社會的發(fā)展作出一個階段性和特征性的劃分。 另外,關于社會問題的考察與研究將以聚落為基點,秉持個體與群體研究并重的理念,分別從聚落個體與聚落群體形態(tài)二個不同的視角切入,以期獲得對有關問題的全方位的認識。 結合以上兩大要點對長江下游地區(qū)史前社會的經濟和社會進行分析,我們可以將其劃分為三個連續(xù)發(fā)展的階段：第一階段是新石器早期至新石器時代晚期前段,此時廣譜經濟確立并在經濟結構中占主體地位,農業(yè)經濟發(fā)展迅速；聚落及聚落間大體平等,馬家浜—河姆渡文化時期是質均平等社會的高度發(fā)展時期。第二階段是崧澤文化早、中期階段,此時社會經濟發(fā)展回落,尚未有確鑿的實例說明生業(yè)系統中的廣譜經濟已被稻作農業(yè)經濟反超,只能蠡測兩者大體處于持平的狀態(tài)；聚落內部及聚落間出現初步的分層和分化,二級聚落結構普遍增多,出現了掌握社會財力、權力的特殊人物。第三階段是從崧澤晚期至良渚文化時期,此時犁耕稻作農業(yè)取代采集漁獵為主要內容的廣譜經濟,成為此時社會經濟結構的核心內容；而聚落內部及聚落間分層和分化嚴重,不僅單個聚落規(guī)模出現大、中、小三個等級,而且以這三個等級的聚落所構成的聚落結構也呈現出三種級別的狀態(tài),其中復雜的三級聚落結構應該與王權的產生緊密相關。
[Abstract]:The development of prehistoric culture in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River plays a very important role in the pattern of prehistoric culture and the origin of early civilization in China. The systematic study of the complicated process of prehistoric society in this area is not only helpful to the further transformation of regional research from the level of cultural history to social orientation, but also of great significance to the correct understanding of the development process of the pluralistic integration of Chinese early civilization. Based on a large number of archaeological excavations and studies in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, this paper has constructed a detailed genealogy and chronology of prehistoric culture, taking prehistoric economy as the breakthrough point and taking the research method of settlement archaeology as the core to bring the economy and society together. The study of settlement individuals and settlement groups is of equal importance, and the prehistoric economic and social civilization process in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River is reorganized and pondered. It provides a new way of thinking and an example for the study of prehistoric civilization in China. Among them, the study of social economy will adhere to the method of combining macro and micro, that is, on the one hand, it will focus on regional macroscopic investigation. On the other hand, the focus of the study will be on the two major systems, which are relatively easy to observe and easily verified by physical remains, namely, the feeding and feeding industry system and the handicraft industry and its products trading system, From the point of view of social economy, the prehistoric social development in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River is divided into stages and characteristics. In addition, the investigation and research on social problems will be based on settlement, with the concept of equal emphasis on individual and group research, from two different perspectives of settlement individual and settlement group form. In order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the relevant issues. In combination with the above two main points, the economic and social analysis of prehistoric society in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River can be divided into three stages of continuous development: the first stage is from the early Neolithic to the early Neolithic period. At this time the broad spectrum economy was established and occupied the main position in the economic structure, and the agricultural economy developed rapidly. The period of Majiabang-Hemudu culture was the period of high development of the society of equal quality. The second stage is Song Ze culture early, the middle stage, at this time the social economy development falls back, has not had the concrete example to explain that the broad-spectrum economy in the biological industry system has already been the rice agriculture economy inverse surpassing, can only measure the two to be in the level state generally; There are initial stratification and differentiation in and between settlements, and the secondary settlement structure generally increases, and there are special people who hold the social financial resources and power. The third stage was from the late Songze period to the Liangzhu Culture period, when ploughing rice farming replaced the broad-spectrum economy, which was the main content of collecting, fishing and hunting, and became the core content of the social and economic structure at this time. Not only the single settlement scale appears large, middle and small three levels, but also the settlement structure formed by these three levels of settlements also presents three different levels of state, among which the complex third-level settlement structure should be closely related to Wang Quan's production.
【學位授予單位】：南京師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：F129;K878
本文編號：2246773
[Abstract]:The development of prehistoric culture in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River plays a very important role in the pattern of prehistoric culture and the origin of early civilization in China. The systematic study of the complicated process of prehistoric society in this area is not only helpful to the further transformation of regional research from the level of cultural history to social orientation, but also of great significance to the correct understanding of the development process of the pluralistic integration of Chinese early civilization. Based on a large number of archaeological excavations and studies in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, this paper has constructed a detailed genealogy and chronology of prehistoric culture, taking prehistoric economy as the breakthrough point and taking the research method of settlement archaeology as the core to bring the economy and society together. The study of settlement individuals and settlement groups is of equal importance, and the prehistoric economic and social civilization process in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River is reorganized and pondered. It provides a new way of thinking and an example for the study of prehistoric civilization in China. Among them, the study of social economy will adhere to the method of combining macro and micro, that is, on the one hand, it will focus on regional macroscopic investigation. On the other hand, the focus of the study will be on the two major systems, which are relatively easy to observe and easily verified by physical remains, namely, the feeding and feeding industry system and the handicraft industry and its products trading system, From the point of view of social economy, the prehistoric social development in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River is divided into stages and characteristics. In addition, the investigation and research on social problems will be based on settlement, with the concept of equal emphasis on individual and group research, from two different perspectives of settlement individual and settlement group form. In order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the relevant issues. In combination with the above two main points, the economic and social analysis of prehistoric society in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River can be divided into three stages of continuous development: the first stage is from the early Neolithic to the early Neolithic period. At this time the broad spectrum economy was established and occupied the main position in the economic structure, and the agricultural economy developed rapidly. The period of Majiabang-Hemudu culture was the period of high development of the society of equal quality. The second stage is Song Ze culture early, the middle stage, at this time the social economy development falls back, has not had the concrete example to explain that the broad-spectrum economy in the biological industry system has already been the rice agriculture economy inverse surpassing, can only measure the two to be in the level state generally; There are initial stratification and differentiation in and between settlements, and the secondary settlement structure generally increases, and there are special people who hold the social financial resources and power. The third stage was from the late Songze period to the Liangzhu Culture period, when ploughing rice farming replaced the broad-spectrum economy, which was the main content of collecting, fishing and hunting, and became the core content of the social and economic structure at this time. Not only the single settlement scale appears large, middle and small three levels, but also the settlement structure formed by these three levels of settlements also presents three different levels of state, among which the complex third-level settlement structure should be closely related to Wang Quan's production.
【學位授予單位】：南京師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：F129;K878
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