【摘要】：鹽漬風(fēng)蝕效應(yīng)是自然界巖土體等多孔介質(zhì)鹽漬劣化加劇風(fēng)蝕損耗的一種普遍破壞效應(yīng),在西北干旱區(qū),這種作用更為明顯。地處西北干旱區(qū)的土遺址根部富集多種鹽分,土體內(nèi)水分變化時(shí),引起鹽分結(jié)晶-溶解-重結(jié)晶作用,導(dǎo)致土體結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生劣化,抗風(fēng)蝕能力隨之減弱,經(jīng)風(fēng)沙吹蝕后易于在該處形成掏蝕凹進(jìn),長(zhǎng)期發(fā)展則會(huì)引起遺址整體失穩(wěn)而坍塌傾倒,甚至造成毀滅性破壞。因此,對(duì)土遺址鹽漬風(fēng)蝕效應(yīng)展開研究,分析導(dǎo)致其破壞的內(nèi)在、外在因素,為科學(xué)制定具有針對(duì)性的有效保護(hù)措施提供理論依據(jù)。 本文在全面認(rèn)識(shí)土遺址賦存環(huán)境和遺址土物理力學(xué)性質(zhì)的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)影響土遺址鹽漬風(fēng)蝕效應(yīng)的鹽分、風(fēng)沙及干濕循環(huán)環(huán)境等要素開展了室內(nèi)試驗(yàn)研究。選取甘肅山丹明長(zhǎng)城遺址土為試驗(yàn)土樣,脫鹽后摻入特定含量和類別鹽分后制成重塑樣,模擬自然干濕循環(huán)條件養(yǎng)護(hù)并進(jìn)行聲波測(cè)試和風(fēng)洞試驗(yàn),輔助以土體微結(jié)構(gòu)掃描電鏡照片分析,就遺址土鹽漬劣化和風(fēng)蝕損耗效應(yīng)做出初步分析。 試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,在遺址土鹽漬風(fēng)蝕效應(yīng)作用過(guò)程中,鹽分是內(nèi)在致劣因素,風(fēng)沙吹蝕是動(dòng)力機(jī)制,而干濕循環(huán)為外在助力；不同鹽分類別和含鹽量對(duì)遺址土鹽漬劣化和風(fēng)蝕損耗的影響程度不一,復(fù)鹽試樣結(jié)構(gòu)劣化和風(fēng)蝕損耗作用最顯著,含Na2SO4試樣次之,含NaCl試樣最小；干濕循環(huán)加速土體結(jié)構(gòu)劣化,對(duì)鹽分析晶較集中的試樣表層作用最大,從而使表層的土顆粒更易于被風(fēng)蝕破壞。
[Abstract]:The wind erosion effect of salinized water is a kind of universal destruction effect which is aggravated by the deterioration of salt in porous media such as rock and soil in nature, and it is more obvious in the arid area of northwest China. Many kinds of salts are enriched in the roots of the soil sites located in the arid region of northwest China. When the soil moisture changes, it causes salt crystallization, dissolution and recrystallization, which leads to the deterioration of soil structure and the weakening of the ability of resisting wind erosion. After the wind sand is blown away, it is easy to form an erosion recess in the site, and the long-term development will cause the whole site to collapse and collapse, and even destroy the site. Therefore, the paper studies the effect of wind erosion on saline soil sites, analyzes the internal and external factors leading to its destruction, and provides a theoretical basis for the scientific formulation of effective protection measures. Based on the comprehensive understanding of the existing environment of earthen sites and the physical and mechanical properties of archaeological soil, this paper has carried out an indoor experimental study on the factors affecting the salinized wind erosion effect of earthen sites, such as wind erosion, wind-sand and dry-wet cycle environment, and so on. The soil of Shandaming the Great Wall site in Gansu Province was selected as the test soil. After desalting and adding specific content and type of salt, the remolded samples were made, and the natural dry and wet circulation conditions were simulated, and acoustic wave test and wind tunnel test were carried out. The effect of soil salinization deterioration and wind erosion loss is analyzed with SEM photos of soil microstructures. The test results show that in the process of salinized wind erosion, salt is an intrinsic factor of deterioration, wind-sand erosion is the dynamic mechanism, and the dry and wet cycle is the external aid. Different salt types and salt content have different effects on soil salinity deterioration and wind erosion loss. The structure deterioration and wind erosion loss of double salt samples are the most significant, followed by Na2SO4 samples and NaCl samples, and accelerated soil structure deterioration by dry and wet cycles. The surface layer of the sample with concentrated salt analysis crystal is the most effective, which makes the soil particles in the surface layer more susceptible to wind erosion.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K878;P642.13

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