本文選題：論語 + 孔子遺說��； 參考：《曲阜師范大學》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 1973年發(fā)掘的定州八角廊漢墓,經(jīng)專家鑒定后確認墓主為西漢時期中山懷王劉修,由于劉修死于漢宣帝五鳳三年,即公元前55年,所以定州竹簡本《論語》是目前已知最早的《論語》西漢抄本原件。雖然簡本《論語》已經(jīng)不是一個完整的本子,但仍然有很高的研究價值。 正確認識孔子思想,對于正確理解儒家文化和傳統(tǒng)文化有至關重要的意義,而研究孔子思想,《論語》是最重要的典籍之一。孔子的去世后,作為記載孔子語錄的《論語》受到的關注更多。人們對于孔子持有不同的認識態(tài)度,也是由于對孔子遺說的不同認識造成的。所謂“孔子遺說”,指關于孔子言論的直接材料,孔子秉承“述而不作,信而好古”的文化主張,孔子弟子記錄并闡發(fā)孔子學說,我們今天能夠得見這么多孔子論述,首先應當歸功于孔子弟子�？鬃訉W說博大精深,弟子們雖一同學習,精通的領域也各不相同。且孔子一生中的不同階段好學的方向也不相同,孔子“晚而喜《易》”、“老而好《易》”,入門時間的早晚也造成了弟子們學術方向的不同。孔子去世后“儒分為八”,準確的來說,這不能叫做派別的分化。無論孔門后學怎樣的傳承轉(zhuǎn)變,其思想本源都來自于孔子的思想,其核心理念是相同的。 “孔子遺說”流傳到秦漢之際又產(chǎn)生了新的流傳狀況,長久以來,史料關于《齊論》、《魯論》、《古論》的記載都出現(xiàn)在漢武帝以后。簡本《論語》避漢高祖劉邦的名諱,由此認為簡本是在漢初的時候便已經(jīng)形成,但此時三《論》尚未出現(xiàn)。今本《論語》來源于張禹的《張侯論》,都屬于《魯論》系統(tǒng),簡本篇目與今本同,且字數(shù)與今本相差無幾,因此簡本的《魯論》屬性更強一些,且簡本中,“從魯”的地方也頗多。因此筆者作出判斷,簡本《論語》是漢高祖時期三《論》名稱出現(xiàn)之前,并且融合了三《論》各自的特點,而其中又重《魯論》的傳本。
[Abstract]:After being identified by experts as Liu Xiu, Wang Huai of Zhongshan in the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Xiu, who was excavated in 1973, died of the death of Liu Xiu in three years, 55 BC, by Emperor Xuandi of the Han Dynasty. The Analects of Dingzhou bamboo slips is the earliest known version of the Analects of Confucius in the Western Han Dynasty. Although the Analects of Confucius is not a complete book, it still has high research value. It is very important for us to understand the Confucian culture and traditional culture correctly, and the Analects of Confucius is one of the most important books. After Confucius's death, the Analects of Confucius as a record of Confucius received more attention. People hold different attitudes towards Confucius, also because of the different understanding of Confucius' legacy. The so-called "Confucius Legacy" refers to the direct material on Confucius' speech, and Confucius's cultural claim that he has "stated rather than done, believing but good in ancient times". Confucius disciples recorded and expounded Confucius doctrine, and we can see so many Confucius expositions today. First of all, we owe credit to Confucius disciples. Confucius is broad and profound, and although his disciples study together, they are proficient in different fields. The direction of Confucius' learning in different stages of his life is different. Confucius "likes late", "old" easy to learn ", and the time of getting started also causes the different academic direction of disciples. After Confucius's death, Confucianism was divided into eight groups, which, to be exact, could not be called sectarian division. No matter what kind of inheritance and transformation of Confucius' learning, its thought originates from Confucius' thought, and its core idea is the same. "Confucius Legacy" spread to the Qin and Han dynasties, and a new situation emerged. For a long time, the historical records about Qi, Lu, and ancient times appeared after Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. The Analects of Confucius avoid the name of Liu Bang, so it is believed that the original version was formed in the early Han Dynasty, but at this time the three "theories" have not yet appeared. The Analects of Confucius today comes from Zhang Yu's "Zhang Hou Theory", which belongs to the "Lu Theory" system. The simplified version is the same as the present one, and the number of words is no different from that of the present one. Therefore, the simplified version has a stronger attribute of "Lu", and in the simplified version, There are a lot of places from Lu. Therefore, the author makes a judgment that the Analects of Analects appeared before the appearance of the names of the three Analects of the Han Dynasty and merged the characteristics of the three theories and emphasized the biography of Lu.
【學位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K877

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