本文選題：河套及周邊地區(qū) + 母系氏族社會�。� 參考：《重慶師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：河套及周邊地區(qū)是研究中國史前社會與早期文明進程的中心區(qū)域之一。經(jīng)過近一個世紀(jì)的發(fā)掘和研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)了豐富的地下遺存,并建立了較完備的史前文化體系,為建構(gòu)我國早期文明進程多元一體化特征提供了重要的例證。河套及周邊地區(qū)的史前社會與早期文明進程大概經(jīng)歷了四個階段。距今約8000~6700年間,屬于老官臺文化階段。原始農(nóng)業(yè)畜牧業(yè)已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)并有了進一步發(fā)展,但漁獵經(jīng)濟仍占據(jù)十分重要地位;原始的手工業(yè)技術(shù)已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生,但制作技術(shù)較為粗糙,單一。其社會組織處在母系氏族社會階段并出現(xiàn)了偶婚制家族的萌芽。原始的宗教意識已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生。距今約6700~6200年間,屬于仰韶文化半坡類型階段。農(nóng)作物種類,糧食產(chǎn)量都有所增加,犁耕農(nóng)業(yè)開始萌芽;蓄養(yǎng)家畜的種類和數(shù)量都有所增加;出現(xiàn)了慢輪修理口沿的陶器制作技術(shù)以及手工業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)分離的萌芽,簡單的穿孔、拋光的石器制造技術(shù),金屬制造和玉器的切割技術(shù)開始出現(xiàn)。社會組織已經(jīng)發(fā)展到偶婚制家族階段,男女地位由平等甚至女性略高發(fā)展到男性地位開始逐漸居于女性之上的現(xiàn)象。本階段圖騰崇拜意識、特殊的“割體禮儀”、大型祭祀、早期萌芽狀態(tài)的文字等的出現(xiàn)體現(xiàn)了宗教祭祀以及史前藝術(shù)的進一步發(fā)展。距今約6200~5200年間,屬于仰韶文化史家類型經(jīng)廟底溝類型到仰韶文化西王村類型早段。社會生產(chǎn)力進一步發(fā)展,農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)規(guī)模進一步擴大,手工業(yè)上慢輪修理現(xiàn)象已經(jīng)相當(dāng)普遍,在局部地區(qū)還出現(xiàn)了快輪修理小器物的技術(shù)。社會組織發(fā)展到家長制家庭公社階段,距今5900~5500年間隴東地區(qū)出現(xiàn)了酋邦社會,公元前4000~公元前3500的關(guān)中地區(qū)出現(xiàn)了早期城址起源,距今5500左右出現(xiàn)專偶制家庭的起源,男性地位進一步提高,出現(xiàn)了對男性的崇拜現(xiàn)象。距今約5200~3900年間,屬于仰韶文化西王村類型晚段到龍山時代文化晚期。此階段農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量進一步增大,小麥開始種植,快輪制陶和模制技術(shù)開始普及,銅器冶煉技術(shù)和玉器制作技術(shù)進一步發(fā)展,絲紡織開始出現(xiàn)。社會組織已普遍進入了專偶制家庭階段,階級開始分化,男性完全占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位,開始奴役和壓迫女性,成熟文字開始出現(xiàn),宗教文化進一步普及。內(nèi)蒙古中南部地區(qū)在距今約5000~4300年出現(xiàn)了具有軍事防御性質(zhì)的石城群址,并出現(xiàn)了利用巫師階層統(tǒng)治的初級酋邦社會。距今約4300~3900年的陜北石峁古城、山西陶寺古城階級的萌芽、大型宮殿遺址、掌握公共權(quán)力的“警察”等特點的出現(xiàn),標(biāo)志著國家的產(chǎn)生,是河套及周邊地區(qū)從原始社會走向文明的標(biāo)志,為探索我國早期國家形成、文明進程提供了重要的例證,具有重要的意義。河套及周邊地區(qū)四個階段演進狀況的研究,與摩爾根、恩格斯提出史前社會四個發(fā)展階段的理論基本一致,惟家長制家庭公社在河套及周邊地區(qū)持續(xù)了近一千年的時間,持續(xù)時間較長,這與恩格斯認(rèn)為的在農(nóng)業(yè)社會出現(xiàn)后至文明時代開始前的絕大部分時段處于偶婚制家庭階段,只在專偶制家庭出現(xiàn)前的短時段內(nèi)是家長制家庭公社的觀點不同。河套及周邊地區(qū)文明進程研究為檢驗、豐富和完善了馬克思主義的文明起源理論提供一個典型的例證,在是我國文明進程史上居于重要的地位。
[Abstract]:The Hetao and its surrounding areas are one of the central areas for the study of the prehistoric and early civilizations of China. After nearly a century of excavation and research, abundant underground remains have been found and a more complete prehistoric culture system has been established, which provides an important example for the construction of the multi-dimensional characteristics of the early civilization of China. The prehistoric society of the region and the process of early civilization have probably experienced four stages. About 8000~6700 years ago, it belonged to the cultural stage of the old official platform. The original agricultural and animal husbandry has appeared and developed further, but the fishing and hunting economy still occupies a very important position; the original handicraft technology has been produced, but the production technology is relatively rough and single. The social organization is at the stage of the matriarchal clan society and the germination of the marriage family. The original religious consciousness has come into being. About 6700~6200 years ago, it belongs to the stage of the half slope of Yangshao culture. The varieties of crops, grain yield have increased, the plough agriculture began to bud; the species and quantity of livestock raised; The technology of making pottery of the slow wheel repair mouth, the sprout of the separation of handicraft and agriculture, the simple perforation, the polishing of the stone manufacture technology, the manufacturing of metal and the cutting technology of the jade, the social organization has developed into the family phase of the marriage system, and the status of men and women is gradually developed from equal to the female to the male status. The appearance of totem worship, special "cut body etiquette", large sacrifices, and the early germination state of the text, such as the appearance of the religious worship and the further development of prehistoric art. About 6200~5200 years ago, it belongs to the type of Yangshao historian through the temple bottom type to the early stage of the Yangshao culture West Wang village type. The social productivity was further developed, the scale of agricultural production was further expanded, and the phenomenon of slow wheel repair in the handicraft industry was quite common. In some areas there was a rapid wheel repair technology. The social organization developed to the paternalistic family commune stage. The Emirates society appeared in East Longdong area from 5900~5500 years ago, and 4000~ B.C. In 3500 of Guanzhong area, the origin of the early city site appeared, and the origin of the even family family appeared about 5500 years ago. The male status was further improved, and the worship to men appeared. During the period of 5200~3900, it belonged to the late stage of the Yangshao culture West Wang village to the late Longshan culture. First planting, fast wheel making and molding technology began to popularize, copper smelting technology and jade making technology further developed, silk textile began to develop, silk textile began to appear. Social organizations have generally entered the special family stage, class began to differentiate, men completely dominate, began to enslave and oppress women, the mature text began to appear, religious culture entered into A step of popularization. In the region of South Central Inner Mongolia, about 5000~4300 years ago, there appeared the site of the stone city group with the nature of military defense, and the primary chieftain society which was ruled by the wizard class. The ancient city of Shimao in northern Shanxi, the sprout of the ancient city class in the Shanxi temple, the large Palace site and the "police" of public power. The emergence of such characteristics marks the emergence of the country, which is the symbol of the river Bush and its surrounding areas from primitive society to civilization. It provides an important example for the exploration of the early state formation and civilization process in our country. The study of the four stages of the evolution of the Hetao and its surrounding areas, and Morgan, and Engels put forward the four prehistoric society. The theory of the development stage is basically consistent, but the parents' family commune has lasted for nearly one thousand years in the Hetao and its surrounding areas for a long time, which is in the order of the even marriage family in the most period of time before the emergence of the agricultural society to the beginning of the civilized age, only in the short period before the emergence of the special family family, which Engels thought. The views of the patriarchal family commune are different. The study of the civilization process in the Hetao and its surrounding areas is the test, which provides a typical example for enriching and perfecting the theory of the origin of Marx's civilization, which is an important place in the history of China's civilization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K878

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 孫周勇;邵晶;邵安定;康寧武;屈鳳鳴;白海龍;;陜西神木縣石峁遺址后陽灣、呼家洼地點試掘簡報[J];考古;2015年05期

2 戴向明;田偉;莊麗娜;;山西絳縣周家莊遺址居址與墓地2007～2012年的發(fā)掘[J];考古;2015年05期

3 劉俊男;陳春君;;馬克思主義“文明社會”本質(zhì)再認(rèn)識[J];湖南社會科學(xué);2014年03期

4 王煒林;張鵬程;李崗;袁明;;陜西白水縣下河遺址仰韶文化房址發(fā)掘簡報[J];考古;2011年12期

5 王震中;;中國文明與國家起源研究中的理論探索[J];中國社會科學(xué)院研究生院學(xué)報;2011年03期

6 田亞岐;翟霖林;蘇慶元;楊新文;;陜西彬縣水北遺址發(fā)掘報告[J];考古學(xué)報;2009年03期

7 葉文憲;;“國家”與“文明”辨析[J];浙江社會科學(xué);2009年01期

8 沈長云;;酋邦、早期國家與中國古代國家起源及形成問題[J];史學(xué)月刊;2006年01期

9 王震中;中國古代文明和國家起源研究中的幾個問題[J];史學(xué)月刊;2005年11期

10 張童心;文明和國家起源的思考[J];忻州師范學(xué)院學(xué)報;2004年03期

，

本文編號：2090379