本文選題：拓跋鮮卑起源 + 父系遺傳類型　； 參考：《學術月刊》2017年10期

【摘要】：北魏皇族后裔元威的父系遺傳單倍型為C3b-F1756,是一種高頻分布于外貝加爾-蒙古高原東部的遺傳類型。考慮到拓跋鮮卑部眾在顱骨形態(tài)特征以及母系遺傳關系上與蒙古人種北亞類型居民也有密切的親緣關系,研究認為拓跋部起源于外貝加爾-蒙古高原東部地區(qū)。這點由松嫩平原土著考古文化和居民類型在東漢時發(fā)生的巨大變化也能體現,這一變化與外貝加爾地區(qū)居民南下有關,其主體人群極有可能就是史書所記載的鮮卑。對于學界主流的"拓跋鮮卑嘎仙洞起源說",因該遺址不像周邊任何一種考古文化的發(fā)源地,加上其被"發(fā)現"的過程疑點重重,因而認為"嘎仙洞"不大可能是拓跋部發(fā)源地,拓跋部的興起與北亞人群從外貝加爾地區(qū)南下呼倫湖的遷徙有關。
[Abstract]:The paternal haplotype of Yuan Wei descended from the imperial family of the Northern Wei Dynasty is C3b-F1756, which is a kind of genetic type with high frequency distribution in the eastern part of the outer Baikal-Mongolian Plateau. Considering that Tuoba Xianbei population is also closely related to the population of Mongolian North Asia in terms of skull morphology and maternal genetic relationship, it is considered that Tuoba originated from the eastern part of Outer Baikal-Mongol Plateau. This point can also be reflected by the great changes that took place during the Eastern Han Dynasty in the archaeological culture and the types of inhabitants of the Songnen Plain. This change is related to the southward movement of the inhabitants of the Outer Baikal region, the main body of which is probably the Xianbei as recorded in the history books. For the mainstream theory of the origin of Tuoba Xianbei Gaxian Cave, because the site is not like the birthplace of any archaeological culture in the surrounding area, and the process of its "discovery" is full of doubts, it is believed that the "Gaxian Cave" is unlikely to be the birthplace of the Tuoba Department. The rise of Tuoba is related to the migration of North Asian people from Lake Hurun to the south of Outer Baikal.
【作者單位】： 復旦大學歷史系;復旦大學現代人類學教育部重點實驗室;
【分類號】：K87;Q981

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