本文選題：環(huán)境考古 + 上機房營子遺址��； 參考：《吉林大學》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文以赤峰上機房營子遺址為個案,試圖從環(huán)境考古的角度入手對其進行古環(huán)境復原及不同文化時期人地關系演變的研究。全文共分為五個部分。文章首先簡要介紹了赤峰地區(qū)環(huán)境考古的基本情況以及對本遺址進行環(huán)境考古個案分析的必要性與可行性。其次對上機房營子遺址所在地的自然環(huán)境、遺址的地層堆積、文化分期及遺存等做了簡單介紹。 文章的研究重點集中于第三和第四部分。第三部分是對上機房營子遺址古環(huán)境的復原,主要通過對遺址地層剖面采樣進行孢粉分析、遺址中出土動物骨骼遺存的鑒定來復原本遺址古環(huán)境,并結合遺址周圍地區(qū)的古環(huán)境研究對本遺址的古環(huán)境進行綜合分析,研究表明本遺址在夏家店下層及上層文化時期古植被情況表現(xiàn)為疏林草原向半干旱溫帶草原的轉變,氣候環(huán)境一直處于較干冷的情況,而且在遺址所處文化時期氣候環(huán)境存在不同幅度的波動變化。 第四部分是建立在第三部分基礎之上的人地關系研究。本章主要從地學、動物、植物考古三方面入手進一步分析古人類是如何適應、利用并改造自然環(huán)境。通過研究可知夏家店下層文化早期階段大批古人類選擇在陰河岸邊生活,以農業(yè)生產為主,兼有家畜飼養(yǎng),也打獵野生動物以補充肉食資源。同時砍伐周圍的樹木及充分利用周圍的石材制作工具與建造石城。到后期由于氣候逐步向干冷發(fā)展,人口增長與可利用資源有限的矛盾加劇,土地無法負載高強度經年的農耕活動,生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化,導致人類放棄原有居址,遷移至他方,此地區(qū)在考古學文化上出現(xiàn)約500年的文化斷層。這一地區(qū)經歷幾百年的生態(tài)環(huán)境恢復后,隨之而來的夏家店上層文化時期的人群,仍以農業(yè)為主,家畜飼養(yǎng)在生活中所占比例較前期增加,不過仍不是主要的產業(yè)。他們在對石材及動植物資源利用方面的能力大大加強,隨后此區(qū)在經歷了幾百年的人類活動后,由于人類活動影響與全球性的氣候變化,導致當地的生態(tài)環(huán)境進一步惡化,這一生態(tài)脆弱帶再也無法支持大規(guī)模的原始農業(yè)生產與人類生活。 這兩個不同文化的人群在相似的環(huán)境下其生存對策也是相似的,早期人類生業(yè)模式的選擇主要受到自然環(huán)境的影響,人類自身的能動性對早期文化發(fā)展的影響相對較弱。而本遺址從早期出現(xiàn)人類活動到現(xiàn)今,人地關系表現(xiàn)為由“和諧—不和諧—和諧—不和諧”的轉變,最終由于脆弱的生態(tài)環(huán)境無法恢復而變得荒涼。 第五部分為結論部分,總結了文中的主要研究結果,即本遺址的古環(huán)境復原情況與不同文化時期人地關系的具體表現(xiàn)及演化,同時總結本文通過研究所得到的對于環(huán)境考古個案研究的經驗以及存在的一些研究不足之處。另外指出本地區(qū)的環(huán)境惡化與古人類活動有密切聯(lián)系,為我們以后保護及開發(fā)生態(tài)脆弱地帶提供借鑒。
[Abstract]:Taking the Yingzi site of Chifeng Shangjiefang as an example, this paper attempts to study the restoration of paleoenvironment and the evolution of human-land relations in different cultural periods from the point of view of environmental archaeology. The full text is divided into five parts. Firstly, the paper briefly introduces the basic situation of environmental archaeology in Chifeng area and the necessity and feasibility of environmental archaeological case analysis of the site. Secondly, the natural environment, stratigraphic accumulation, cultural stages and remains of the site are briefly introduced. The research focuses on the third and fourth parts. The third part is the restoration of the paleoenvironment of Yingzi site of Shangjiefang, which is mainly restored to the paleoenvironment of the original site by analyzing the stratigraphic section of the site and identifying the remains of animals unearthed from the site. The paleoenvironment of the site is analyzed synthetically with the study of paleoenvironment around the site. The results show that the paleovegetation of the site in the lower and upper cultural period of Xia Jia Dian shows the change from the sparse forest grassland to the semi-arid temperate grassland. The climate environment is always dry and cold, and the climate environment fluctuates in different extent during the cultural period of the site. The fourth part is based on the third part of the study of human-land relations. This chapter mainly analyzes how paleoanthropology adapts, utilizes and rebuilds the natural environment from three aspects of geoscience, animal and plant archaeology. Through the study, it can be seen that in the early stage of Xiadiadian lower culture, a large number of ancient people chose to live on the banks of the Yin River, mainly in agricultural production, as well as in raising livestock and hunting wild animals to supplement the resources of meat. At the same time cut down the surrounding trees and make full use of the surrounding stone tools and construction of stone city. In the latter stage, due to the gradual development of the climate towards dry and cold conditions, the contradiction between population growth and the limited availability of resources intensified, and the land was unable to support high-intensity agricultural activities for years, and the ecological environment deteriorated, which led to the human beings abandoning their original settlements and migrating to other places. The area has a cultural fault of about 500 years in archaeological culture. After hundreds of years of ecological environment restoration in this area, the population in the upper culture period of Xia Jia Dian is still mainly agriculture, and the proportion of livestock raising in life is increasing, but it is still not the main industry. Their ability to use stone and animal and plant resources has been greatly enhanced, and the ecological environment of the region has deteriorated further as a result of human activity and global climate change, after hundreds of years of human activity. This ecologically fragile zone can no longer support large-scale primitive agricultural production and human life. The survival strategies of these two groups of different cultures are similar in the similar environment. The choice of early human life model is mainly affected by the natural environment, and the influence of human's own initiative on the early cultural development is relatively weak. From the early appearance of human activities to the present, the relationship between man and land changed from harmony to disharmony, and finally became desolate because the fragile ecological environment could not be restored. The fifth part is the conclusion part, which summarizes the main research results of this paper, that is, the concrete expression and evolution of the restoration of paleoenvironment and the relationship between man and land in different cultural periods. At the same time, the paper summarizes the experience of the case study of environmental archaeology and some shortcomings of the research. In addition, it is pointed out that the environmental deterioration in this area is closely related to the paleo human activities, which provides a reference for us to protect and develop the fragile ecological zone in the future.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K872

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