本文選題：漆器 + 制作工藝��； 參考：《西北大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：漆器是我國(guó)古代科技史上一項(xiàng)偉大的創(chuàng)造,是中華民族優(yōu)秀文化遺產(chǎn)的一個(gè)重要組成部分。根據(jù)保存狀態(tài),把考古出上的漆木器分為兩種類型,一種是北方干燥地區(qū)出上的缺飽和水狀態(tài)漆木器,也叫亞浸水漆木器,另一種是南方潮濕地區(qū)出土的飽水漆木器。一般來(lái)說(shuō),南方地區(qū)出上的飽水漆木器出上時(shí)較為完整,因此相關(guān)針對(duì)性的保護(hù)研究開展很多,保護(hù)方法也較為成熟；而北方出土的亞浸水漆器一般殘損嚴(yán)重,缺乏全面系統(tǒng)的研究和有效的保護(hù)手段。本文以陜西部分地區(qū)出上的漆器為研究對(duì)象,主要內(nèi)容包括三部分： 第一部分：漆器樣品成分分析及制作工藝研究。選用樹脂包埋法,利用體視顯微鏡、掃描電子顯微鏡對(duì)漆器樣品的剖面進(jìn)行觀察分析;采用紅外光譜(FT-IR)、X射線衍射(XRD)、掃描電鏡-能譜(SEM-EDS)等方法對(duì)漆膜、漆灰層、顏料、纖維等進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果表明,漆器基本是按照木胎—纖維—灰層—漆膜—顏料這樣的工序來(lái)制作的,其中主要的制作材料是麻、粘土類物質(zhì)、生漆以及朱砂顏料。 第二部分：漆膜強(qiáng)度表征及測(cè)量?jī)x器改裝研究。本文首次提出并研制出適用于表征脆弱、不規(guī)則漆膜強(qiáng)度的夾具,結(jié)合萬(wàn)能材料試驗(yàn)機(jī)可對(duì)直徑小至2mm的漆膜材料進(jìn)行耐破脆性測(cè)量,建立了對(duì)漆膜強(qiáng)度的表征方法,實(shí)現(xiàn)了漆膜強(qiáng)度的定量測(cè)定。 第三部分：漆膜最佳回軟條件研究。實(shí)驗(yàn)選用聚乙二醇200(PEG200)作為回軟劑,設(shè)計(jì)了四種不同的回軟方案。采用分光光度儀、萬(wàn)能材料試驗(yàn)機(jī)結(jié)合耐破脆性?shī)A具對(duì)漆膜進(jìn)行測(cè)試,對(duì)比回軟前后顏色外觀及強(qiáng)度的變化,從而確定最佳回軟方案；對(duì)比回軟前后漆膜的紅外光譜圖,分析漆膜內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)變化。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,所有經(jīng)過(guò)回軟的漆膜外觀無(wú)明顯變化,但經(jīng)過(guò)40%-60%-80%-100%PEG200依次浸泡的漆膜,其強(qiáng)度值最高,為最佳回軟方案。對(duì)比回軟前后漆膜的紅外光譜圖,發(fā)現(xiàn)回軟后羥基吸收峰變低,亞甲基和醚鍵的吸收峰變高。推測(cè)漆膜回軟處理后強(qiáng)度增大的原因有兩點(diǎn),一是PEG200分子中的羥基與殘留漆酚上的羥基脫水聚合,形成大分子網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu),漆膜的塑性提高：二是PEG200分子進(jìn)入漆膜孔洞當(dāng)中取代了原來(lái)水分子占據(jù)的空間,起到了支撐的作用,從而提高了漆膜的強(qiáng)度。 本文根據(jù)漆膜的幾個(gè)主要紅外光譜特征峰及其歸屬對(duì)其真?zhèn)芜M(jìn)行了初步的判斷,為紅外光譜法鑒定漆膜奠定了基礎(chǔ)；首次設(shè)計(jì)并研制出用于脆弱、不規(guī)則漆膜強(qiáng)度測(cè)定的夾具,建立了漆膜強(qiáng)度的表征方法,實(shí)現(xiàn)了漆膜強(qiáng)度的定量測(cè)定,為漆器的回軟修復(fù)提供了科學(xué)依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Lacquer ware is a great creation in the history of Chinese ancient science and technology and an important part of the excellent cultural heritage of the Chinese nation. According to the preservation state, the lacquer wood from the archaeology can be divided into two types: one is the lacquer wood in the dry area of the north, also called sub-soaking lacquer wood, and the other is the water-saturated lacquer wood unearthed in the humid area of the south. Generally speaking, the water-saturated lacquer wood out of the southern region is relatively complete when it comes out, so many relevant protection studies have been carried out, and the protection methods are more mature. However, the subsoaking lacquer ware unearthed in the north is generally badly damaged. Lack of comprehensive and systematic research and effective means of protection. This paper takes lacquer ware from some parts of Shaanxi as the research object, the main content includes three parts: The first part: the composition analysis of lacquer ware and the research of making process. Resin embedding method, stereoscopic microscope and scanning electron microscope were used to observe and analyze the sections of lacquer samples. The paint film, paint ash layer and pigment were studied by means of infrared spectrum FT-IRN X ray diffraction (XRDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) -SEM-EDS, etc. Analysis of fibers, etc. The results show that the lacquer ware is basically made according to the process of wood tire, fiber, gray layer, paint film and pigment, among which the main materials are hemp, clay, raw paint and cinnabar pigment. The second part: study on the characterization of film strength and modification of measuring instruments. In this paper, a fixture which can be used to characterize the strength of fragile and irregular film is proposed and developed for the first time. Combined with the universal material testing machine, the breaking brittleness of the film with a diameter as small as 2mm can be measured, and the characterization method of the strength of the film is established. The quantitative measurement of paint film strength has been realized. The third part: study on the best soft condition of paint film. Polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG200) was selected as the softener in the experiment, and four different schemes were designed. The paint film was tested by spectrophotometer and universal material testing machine combined with brittle clamp to compare the changes of color appearance and strength before and after softening, so as to determine the best softening scheme, and to compare the infrared spectrum of the film before and after softening. The internal structure change of paint film is analyzed. The experimental results show that the appearance of all the films after softening has no obvious change, but after the 40%-60%-80%-100%PEG200 soaking in turn, the strength of the film is the highest, which is the best soft recovery scheme. Compared with the infrared spectra of the film before and after softening, it was found that the absorption peak of hydroxyl group decreased and the absorption peak of methylene and ether bond became higher after softening. It is inferred that the strength of paint film increases after soft treatment. One is the dehydration polymerization of hydroxyl in PEG200 molecule and hydroxyl group on residual urushiol to form a large molecular network structure. The plasticity of the film is improved: second, the PEG200 molecule enters the hole of the film instead of the space occupied by the original water molecule, and plays a supporting role, thus improving the strength of the film. In this paper, according to the main infrared spectrum characteristic peaks of the paint film and its attribution, the authenticity of the film is preliminarily judged, which lays a foundation for the identification of the paint film by the infrared spectrum method, and designs and develops a fixture for the determination of the strength of the fragile and irregular paint film for the first time. The method of characterizing the strength of the lacquer film is established, and the quantitative measurement of the strength of the lacquer film is realized, which provides a scientific basis for the restoration of the lacquer ware.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K876.7

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