本文選題：高廟遺址 + 魚類遺存��； 參考：《湖南大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：高廟遺址位于湖南省洪江市，是我國(guó)一處重要的新石器時(shí)代貝丘遺址，遺址中發(fā)現(xiàn)的遺跡和遺物不僅為建立沅水中、上游地區(qū)的新石器時(shí)代考古學(xué)文化譜系建立了基礎(chǔ)，而且還涉及到史前時(shí)期人類的宗教信仰以及中國(guó)文明起源等重要課題。高廟遺址中出土了大量的水、陸生動(dòng)物遺骸，這其中魚類骨骼數(shù)量眾多，種類廣泛，在我國(guó)新石器時(shí)代遺址中十分少見(jiàn)。 本課題是首次運(yùn)用動(dòng)物考古學(xué)的方法對(duì)單個(gè)遺址的魚類骨骼進(jìn)行全面、系統(tǒng)的研究。通過(guò)對(duì)高廟遺址出土的5786件魚類骨骼進(jìn)行鑒定、統(tǒng)計(jì)、測(cè)量，獲知高廟先民捕獲的魚種有白鰱、青魚、草魚、鯉魚、溼魚、黃顙魚等共計(jì)二目七科(亞科)八屬七種魚類，其中對(duì)白鰱的捕獲數(shù)量巨大。高廟上層(距今6300~5300年)和高廟下層(距今7800~6800年)兩個(gè)時(shí)期在捕魚對(duì)象、捕魚工具、捕魚數(shù)量上發(fā)生了顯著的變化，表現(xiàn)在高廟上層時(shí)捕獲大魚的數(shù)量是高廟下層時(shí)期的3倍多，而捕獲小魚的數(shù)量在高廟上層時(shí)卻明顯下降。 實(shí)踐研究中，，本文對(duì)動(dòng)物考古學(xué)的理論方法有所創(chuàng)新，并獲得了一些探索性的認(rèn)識(shí)。如對(duì)骨骼的鑒定方面，不僅以骨骼的外部形態(tài)作為鑒定種屬的依據(jù)，而且將骨骼的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)也作為了一種鑒定的觀察對(duì)象，從而鑒定出高廟遺址和我國(guó)以往多處考古遺址出土的棗核狀變異骨骼就是白鰱支鰭骨。通過(guò)對(duì)魚類提供卡路里值推算，認(rèn)為盡管高廟遺址捕獲青魚的數(shù)量比草魚少，但是青魚所提供的總卡路里值熱量卻比草魚多。從捕獲魚類的年齡研究上，發(fā)現(xiàn)白鰱都為4齡以上，達(dá)到性成熟標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，結(jié)合遺址附近就有魚類洄游產(chǎn)卵的漁場(chǎng)，推測(cè)當(dāng)時(shí)人們利用魚類洄游的特性來(lái)捕撈白鰱。 最后，通過(guò)將高廟遺址出土的魚類材料與長(zhǎng)江流域出土的魚類遺存進(jìn)行對(duì)比，進(jìn)一步體現(xiàn)出高廟魚類遺存的重要研究?jī)r(jià)值，在此基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)長(zhǎng)江流域的捕魚經(jīng)濟(jì)特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了初步的探討。
[Abstract]:The Gaomiao site, located in Hongjiang City, Hunan Province, is an important Neolithic Beiqiu site in China. The relics and relics found in the site not only laid the foundation for the establishment of the Neolithic archaeological cultural pedigree in Yuanshui, but also in the upper reaches. It also involves the religious belief of human beings and the origin of Chinese civilization in prehistoric period. A large number of water and terrestrial remains were unearthed from the Gaomiao site, in which the number of fish bones was numerous and the species were extensive, which was very rare in the Neolithic sites in China. This paper is the first time to make a comprehensive and systematic study on the fish bones of a single site by using animal archaeology. Through the identification, statistics and measurement of 5786 fish bones unearthed from the Gaomiao site, it was found that the species of fish caught by the ancestors of Gaomiao were silver carp, herring fish, grass carp, wet fish, yellow obvidraco, etc., in total, seven species of fish belonging to eight genera and seven families (subfamilies) of two orders and seven families (subfamilies). Among them, the amount of silver carp caught is huge. In the upper part of the temple (6300-5300 years ago) and the lower layer of the temple (7800-6800 years ago), significant changes have taken place in the fishing objects, fishing tools, and the quantity of fishing, which shows that the number of large fish caught in the upper part of the temple is more than three times that in the period of the lower level of the temple. The number of small fish caught in the temple when the upper layer of a significant decline. In the practical research, this paper innovates the theory and method of animal archaeology, and obtains some exploratory understanding. For example, in the identification of bone, not only the external shape of bone is used as the basis for identifying species, but also the internal structure of bone is regarded as an object of observation for identification. Thus, it is identified that the jujube core variant bone unearthed from Gaomiao site and many archaeological sites in China is the branching fin bone of silver carp. By calculating the calorie value of fish, it is concluded that although the number of herring caught at Gaomiao site is less than that of grass carp, the total calorie value of herring fish is more than that of grass carp. From the age study of catching fish, it was found that the silver carp were above 4 years old, which reached the standard of sexual maturity. Combined with the fish migration and spawning fishing ground near the site, it was speculated that people used the characteristics of fish migration to catch silver carp at that time. Finally, by comparing the fish materials unearthed from the Gaomiao site with the fish remains unearthed in the Yangtze River Basin, the important research value of the fish remains of the Gaomiao site is further reflected. In this paper, the characteristics of fishing economy in the Yangtze River basin are preliminarily discussed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K878;Q915

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