發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-21 17:42

  本文選題：無(wú)機(jī)膠凝材料 + 不可移動(dòng)文物��； 參考：《浙江大學(xué)》2011年博士論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)有為數(shù)眾多的不可移動(dòng)文物。這些不可移動(dòng)文物往往體量巨大,而且大多暴露在野外壞境中。由于自然風(fēng)化、環(huán)境污染和人為因素,加之缺乏有效的保護(hù),這些珍貴的歷史遺跡都受到了不同程度的損壞。如不采取有效的保護(hù)措施,許多文物古跡將逐漸消亡。不過(guò),現(xiàn)有的材料大多都不能完全滿足此類文物的保護(hù)需求。所以,研制高性能的文物保護(hù)材料已成為文物保護(hù)領(lǐng)域的重要任務(wù)之一 本論文概述了土遺址和石質(zhì)文物等不可移動(dòng)文物的病害類型、破壞機(jī)理、保護(hù)方法、保護(hù)材料及傳統(tǒng)砌筑灰漿的研究現(xiàn)狀和存在問(wèn)題,并結(jié)合當(dāng)今文物保護(hù)材料的發(fā)展趨勢(shì),以潮濕環(huán)境土遺址、古建筑和石質(zhì)文物的原址加固保護(hù)為目標(biāo),在課題組前期工作的基礎(chǔ)上開展了傳統(tǒng)膠凝材料作用機(jī)制、新型無(wú)機(jī)膠凝材料設(shè)計(jì)制備以及有關(guān)應(yīng)用研究,主要包括以下內(nèi)容： 液態(tài)水硬性材料加固保護(hù)潮濕環(huán)境土遺址的研究。參照石灰和水泥穩(wěn)定土的機(jī)理,設(shè)計(jì)了一種液態(tài)、可滲透型水硬性材料,并將之用于潮濕環(huán)境遺址土的穩(wěn)定和加固。該材料為硅、鈣雙液體系。其中鈣源為氧化鈣或氫氧化鈣的醇分散體系,硅源為硅酸鉀水溶液。考慮到南方潮濕環(huán)境遺址土的弱酸性,加固處理時(shí)先滲透呈堿性的鈣源,再滲透硅源。利用SEM, XRD, EDX,抗壓強(qiáng)度測(cè)試、耐水浸泡性測(cè)試等研究了該水硬性材料的加固保護(hù)效果。結(jié)果表明,硅源和鈣源之間的水硬性反應(yīng)改變了土的片狀結(jié)構(gòu),生成了絲網(wǎng)狀凝膠體,該凝膠體能把松散的土顆粒固結(jié)起來(lái)。本研究提出了液態(tài)水硬性材料的概念,為潮濕環(huán)境土遺址的保護(hù)提供了一條新的研究思路。 傳統(tǒng)砌筑灰漿科學(xué)原理及其現(xiàn)代應(yīng)用的探索性研究�？甲C并評(píng)述了中國(guó)古代石灰基砌筑灰漿的發(fā)展及傳統(tǒng)糯米灰漿在中國(guó)建筑史上的作用。作為一項(xiàng)重要的技術(shù)發(fā)明,糯米灰漿技術(shù)出現(xiàn)在大致南北朝時(shí)期,曾在許多重要建筑物中廣為使用。采集了多處古建筑的灰漿樣品,并利用FT-IR, XRD, TG-DSC,碘-淀粉試驗(yàn)等方法對(duì)樣品進(jìn)行了分析測(cè)試。分析測(cè)試結(jié)果表明,糯米灰漿曾用于明代西安城墻和明代南京城墻的建造。探討了糯米灰漿技術(shù)的內(nèi)在科學(xué)原理。研究表明,糯米支鏈淀粉對(duì)石灰灰漿的硬化過(guò)程有調(diào)控作用,它通過(guò)抑制碳酸化過(guò)程中碳酸鈣晶粒的生長(zhǎng)而使糯米灰漿形成致密的有機(jī)-無(wú)機(jī)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),該結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該是糯米灰漿良好性能的內(nèi)在原因。古灰漿中糯米成分長(zhǎng)期存在的原因在于石灰的防腐作用。在自然條件下,灰漿的完全碳化是個(gè)漫長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程。石灰的強(qiáng)堿性可以使糯米成分在相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間內(nèi)免受微生物的侵襲而得以保存。以古建筑修復(fù)保護(hù)為目的,對(duì)糯米灰漿技術(shù)進(jìn)行了科學(xué)化研究。優(yōu)化了糯米灰漿的配方,并對(duì)仿制灰漿的物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)進(jìn)行了測(cè)試。結(jié)果表明,糯米灰漿比純石灰灰漿物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)更穩(wěn)定、強(qiáng)度更大、與古建筑材料如磚的兼容性也更好,適合于古建筑的保護(hù)和修復(fù)。以糯米灰漿為修復(fù)灰漿,參與了國(guó)家級(jí)文物保護(hù)重點(diǎn)單位德清壽昌橋和杭州梵天寺石經(jīng)幢的修復(fù)保護(hù)工程。糯米灰漿的研究對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)的科學(xué)利用,特別是對(duì)于使用原來(lái)的材料和工藝修復(fù)保護(hù)古建筑具有重要意義。 風(fēng)化石質(zhì)文物的仿生加固研究。仿照骨頭的生長(zhǎng)原理,將鈣源(納米氫氧化鈣的異丙醇分散體系)和磷源(磷酸銨溶液)引入風(fēng)化的石質(zhì)文物,經(jīng)常溫礦化后在風(fēng)化石材內(nèi)部生成多孔、相互連接的磷灰石加固相。該加固相可以把風(fēng)化、破碎的石塊和作為填料引入的氫氧化鈣粘結(jié)起來(lái)而給出良好的加固效果。磷灰石加固相利用XRD, SEM, EDX進(jìn)行了表征；加固效果利用抗壓強(qiáng)度、STT實(shí)驗(yàn)、毛細(xì)水吸收、透氣性和抗風(fēng)化實(shí)驗(yàn)等進(jìn)行了測(cè)試。結(jié)果表明,經(jīng)仿生加固處理后,風(fēng)化石灰石的表面強(qiáng)度、整體抗壓強(qiáng)度和抗風(fēng)化能力都有了顯著提高。此外,由于磷灰石本身的多孔性,該仿生加固方法基本不改變風(fēng)化石灰?guī)r文物本身的透氣性和毛細(xì)水吸收,保持了石質(zhì)文物固有的“呼吸功能”。本研究將仿生技術(shù)引入石質(zhì)文物的加固保護(hù)中,解決了現(xiàn)有無(wú)機(jī)材料自身及其與風(fēng)化巖石的結(jié)合問(wèn)題,為石質(zhì)文物保護(hù)材料的開發(fā)探索了一條新的途徑。 總之,本論文結(jié)合不可移動(dòng)文物保護(hù)材料的研究現(xiàn)狀,以土遺址、古建筑和石質(zhì)文物的加固保護(hù)為目標(biāo),分別研究了液態(tài)滲透型水硬性材料,傳統(tǒng)砌筑灰漿和磷灰石仿生加固材料,在微觀機(jī)理探討、實(shí)驗(yàn)室材料設(shè)計(jì)制備和文物保護(hù)實(shí)踐等方面做了一些探索性的工作,取得了一定的進(jìn)展。
[Abstract]:Our country has a large number of immovable cultural relics. These immovable cultural relics are often large and mostly exposed in the field. Due to natural weathering, environmental pollution and human factors, and the lack of effective protection, these precious historical sites are damaged by different degrees. For example, no effective protection measures are taken. However, most of the existing materials can not fully meet the protection requirements of this kind of cultural relics. Therefore, the development of high performance cultural relics protection materials has become one of the important tasks in the field of cultural relic protection.
This paper summarizes the disease types, failure mechanism, protection methods, protection materials and traditional masonry mortar research status and existing problems of soil sites and stone cultural relics, and combines the development trend of today's cultural relics protection materials, and aims at strengthening and protecting the site of moist environment soil, ancient buildings and stone relics. On the basis of the earlier work of the project group, the mechanism of the traditional cementitious material, the design and application of the new inorganic cementitious material, and the related application, are mainly included.
Study on the reinforcement and protection of moist environment soil sites with liquid water hard materials. Referring to the mechanism of lime and cement stabilized soil, a liquid, permeable and hydraulic material is designed and used to stabilize and reinforce the soil of a wet environment. The material is a silicon, calcium double liquid system. The silicon source is potassium silicate solution. Considering the weak acid of the humid environmental site in the south, the alkaline calcium source is permeated first and then the silicon source is permeated. The reinforcement and protection effect of the hard material is studied by using SEM, XRD, EDX, compressive strength test and water immersion test. The results show that the water hardness between the silicon source and the calcium source is reversed. The flake structure of the soil should be changed and the screen shaped gels are formed. The gel can consolidate the loose soil particles. The concept of liquid water hard material is put forward in this study, which provides a new research idea for the protection of soil sites in wet environment.
The scientific principle of traditional masonry mortar and its modern application are explored. The development of lime base masonry mortar in ancient China and its role in the history of Chinese architecture are reviewed and reviewed. As an important technical invention, the technology of sticky rice mortar appears in the period of the north and South Dynasties, and has been widely used in many important buildings. The samples were collected and analyzed with FT-IR, XRD, TG-DSC, and iodine starch test. The results showed that the sticky rice mortar was used in the construction of Xi'an wall in Ming Dynasty and the Nanjing city wall in Ming Dynasty. The internal scientific principle of the sticky rice pulp technology was discussed. Amylose has a control effect on the hardening process of lime ash. By inhibiting the growth of calcium carbonate grains in carbonation, it makes the sticky rice grout to form a dense organic inorganic composite structure. This structure should be the intrinsic reason for the good performance of the waxy rice mortar. The reason for the long-term existence of the glutinous rice in the old ash is the corrosion of the lime. Under natural conditions, the complete carbonization of the grout is a long process. The strong alkalinity of the lime can save the glutinous rice from the invasion of the microorganism for a long time. With the purpose of the ancient building repair and protection, the technology of the sticky rice mortar is scientifically studied. The formula of the sticky rice mortar is optimized and the mortar is copied. The results show that the physical and chemical properties of the waxy rice mortar are more stable and stronger than the pure lime mortar, and the compatibility with the ancient building materials, such as bricks, is better. It is suitable for the protection and repair of the ancient buildings. The grout is used as the restoration of the grout with the glutinous rice grout, and is involved in the national key unit of the cultural relics protection, Deqing Shou Chang Bridge and Hangzhou. The study of the glutinous rice plaster is of great significance to the scientific use of traditional technology, especially for the use of original materials and techniques to repair and protect the ancient buildings.
The study of biomimetic reinforcement of weathered stone relics. In imitation of the principle of bone growth, the calcium source (nanometer calcium hydroxide of isopropanol dispersion system) and the phosphorus source (ammonium phosphate solution) are introduced into the weathered stone relics, and the porous and interconnected apatite reinforced phases are formed within the weathered stone. The reinforced phase can be weathered and broken. The stones are bonded together with calcium hydroxide introduced as a filler to give good reinforcement effect. The apatite reinforced phase is characterized by XRD, SEM, and EDX. The reinforcement effect is tested by the compression strength, STT experiment, capillary water absorption, air permeability and weathering resistance experiments. The results show that the weathered limestone has been weathered after the bionic reinforcement treatment. The surface strength, the overall compressive strength and the weathering resistance have been greatly improved. In addition, because of the porosity of the apatite itself, the bionic reinforcement method basically does not change the air permeability of the weathered limestone relics and the absorption of capillary water, and maintains the inherent "respiratory function" of the stone relics. This study introduced biomimetic technology into the stone relics. In the reinforcement and protection, the existing inorganic material itself and its combination with weathered rock have been solved, and a new way is explored for the development of the stone material protection materials.
In a word, this paper, based on the research status of immovable cultural relics protection materials, aims at the consolidation and protection of soil sites, ancient buildings and stone relics, and studies the liquid permeable hydraulic materials, traditional masonry mortar and apatite biomimetic reinforcement materials, micro mechanism exploration, laboratory material design and cultural relic protection practice, etc. Some exploratory work has been done and some progress has been made.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K854;TB321

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