波蘭社會主義演變中的美國因素
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-16 09:31
【摘要】： 對東歐社會主義國家劇變原因的探討，是冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后學術(shù)界探討的一個熱門課題。本文從一個獨特的視角-----美國和平演變戰(zhàn)略與波蘭社會主義滅亡的角度出發(fā)，揭示波蘭乃至整個東歐社會主義滅亡的一個重要的外部因素。 本文與大多數(shù)相關研究的重要區(qū)別是：第一，選擇波蘭作為一個典型個案，從微觀角度揭示東歐社會主義滅亡的美國因素；第二，本文本著“冰凍三尺，非一日之寒”的原則，從歷史的長時段---即整個冷戰(zhàn)史為背景出發(fā)，對美國在波蘭的和平演變戰(zhàn)略進行研究，以避免出現(xiàn)就事論事，或者只論及80年代團結(jié)工會興起后的劇變階段的局限性。 本文共分三篇。 第一篇“歷史縱覽”主要探討冷戰(zhàn)期間美波關系以及美國對波蘭的戰(zhàn)略總目標和戰(zhàn)略階段。 第二篇“和平演變聚焦”主要從四個角度研究美國和平演變戰(zhàn)略在波蘭實施：1、戰(zhàn)后波蘭對美國經(jīng)濟依賴的形成及美國“聯(lián)系政策”的運用；2、美國對波蘭的公眾外交與波蘭社會主義意識形態(tài)的消解；3、美國對波蘭持不同政見運動的支持與波蘭天主教會勢力的壯大；4、美國對團結(jié)工會的支持與團結(jié)工會的政治道路。 第三篇“對歷史思考”主要是對美國和平演變戰(zhàn)略的特征進行總結(jié)，對美國在波蘭的和平演變戰(zhàn)略進行評價并總結(jié)經(jīng)驗教訓。 本文主要結(jié)論主要體現(xiàn)在論文的第二篇中，并在第三篇中進行一定的總結(jié)。本文的兩個主要結(jié)論是： 第一，在分析判斷東歐社會主義演變的原因時，，本文承認馬克思主義關于內(nèi)因是變化的根本，外因是變化的條件；內(nèi)因決定外因，外因通過內(nèi)因起作用的哲學觀點。同時，本文認為，外因在某種情況下同樣會起到與內(nèi)因同樣重要、甚至比內(nèi)因更為重要的作用。另外也籍此提請人們注意，外因與內(nèi)因經(jīng)常相互轉(zhuǎn)化，當外因影響達到一定程度時，就成為內(nèi)因的組成部分。因而，研究事物變化的外因與研究事物變化的內(nèi)因同樣具有重大作用。 第二，經(jīng)濟實力與意識形態(tài)的較量是冷戰(zhàn)期間社會主義與資本主義兩個陣營 對抗的主要方面，也將是社會主義與資本主義長期斗爭的焦點。
[Abstract]:The discussion of the causes of the drastic changes in socialist countries in Eastern Europe is a hot topic in academic circles after the end of the Cold War. This paper reveals an important external factor for the demise of socialism in Poland and even in Eastern Europe from the perspective of a unique perspective-the American strategy of peaceful evolution and the demise of Polish socialism. The main differences between this paper and most related studies are as follows: first, choose Poland as a typical case to reveal the American factors of the demise of socialism in Eastern Europe from the micro perspective; Secondly, based on the principle of "freezing three feet of ice, not cold in one day", this paper, based on the background of the long period of history, that is, the whole history of the cold war, carries out a study on the peaceful evolution strategy of the United States in Poland, in order to avoid putting the matter on the subject. Or only the limitations of the upheaval that followed the rise of Solidarity in the 1980 s. This paper is divided into three parts. The first part of History mainly discusses the relations between the United States and Poland during the Cold War and the general goal and strategic stage of the United States towards Poland. The second part "focus on Peace Evolution" mainly studies the implementation of American Peace Evolution Strategy in Poland from four angles: 1) the formation of Poland's economic dependence on the United States after the war and the application of American "linkage policy"; (2) the public diplomacy of the United States to Poland and the deconstruction of the Polish socialist ideology; 3, the support of the United States for the Polish dissident movement and the expansion of the power of the Polish Catholic Church; Fourth, the United States support for the Union and unity of the Union's political path. The third part "thinking about History" mainly summarizes the characteristics of American peace evolution strategy, evaluates the American peace evolution strategy in Poland and summarizes the experience and lessons. The main conclusions of this paper are embodied in the second part and summarized in the third part. The two main conclusions of this paper are as follows: first, in analyzing and judging the reasons for the evolution of socialism in Eastern Europe, this paper acknowledges that the internal cause of Marxism is the root of change, and the external factor is the condition of change; The philosophical view that internal causes play a role through internal causes. At the same time, the external cause will play an equal and even more important role than the internal cause in some cases. It also reminds people that external and internal causes often transform each other and become part of internal causes when the influence of external causes reaches a certain degree. Therefore, the study of external causes of change and the study of internal causes of change of things have the same important role. Second, the contest between economic strength and ideology is the main aspect of the confrontation between socialism and capitalism during the Cold War, and will also be the focus of the long-term struggle between socialism and capitalism.
【學位授予單位】：外交學院
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2004
【分類號】：D751.3
本文編號：2335145
[Abstract]:The discussion of the causes of the drastic changes in socialist countries in Eastern Europe is a hot topic in academic circles after the end of the Cold War. This paper reveals an important external factor for the demise of socialism in Poland and even in Eastern Europe from the perspective of a unique perspective-the American strategy of peaceful evolution and the demise of Polish socialism. The main differences between this paper and most related studies are as follows: first, choose Poland as a typical case to reveal the American factors of the demise of socialism in Eastern Europe from the micro perspective; Secondly, based on the principle of "freezing three feet of ice, not cold in one day", this paper, based on the background of the long period of history, that is, the whole history of the cold war, carries out a study on the peaceful evolution strategy of the United States in Poland, in order to avoid putting the matter on the subject. Or only the limitations of the upheaval that followed the rise of Solidarity in the 1980 s. This paper is divided into three parts. The first part of History mainly discusses the relations between the United States and Poland during the Cold War and the general goal and strategic stage of the United States towards Poland. The second part "focus on Peace Evolution" mainly studies the implementation of American Peace Evolution Strategy in Poland from four angles: 1) the formation of Poland's economic dependence on the United States after the war and the application of American "linkage policy"; (2) the public diplomacy of the United States to Poland and the deconstruction of the Polish socialist ideology; 3, the support of the United States for the Polish dissident movement and the expansion of the power of the Polish Catholic Church; Fourth, the United States support for the Union and unity of the Union's political path. The third part "thinking about History" mainly summarizes the characteristics of American peace evolution strategy, evaluates the American peace evolution strategy in Poland and summarizes the experience and lessons. The main conclusions of this paper are embodied in the second part and summarized in the third part. The two main conclusions of this paper are as follows: first, in analyzing and judging the reasons for the evolution of socialism in Eastern Europe, this paper acknowledges that the internal cause of Marxism is the root of change, and the external factor is the condition of change; The philosophical view that internal causes play a role through internal causes. At the same time, the external cause will play an equal and even more important role than the internal cause in some cases. It also reminds people that external and internal causes often transform each other and become part of internal causes when the influence of external causes reaches a certain degree. Therefore, the study of external causes of change and the study of internal causes of change of things have the same important role. Second, the contest between economic strength and ideology is the main aspect of the confrontation between socialism and capitalism during the Cold War, and will also be the focus of the long-term struggle between socialism and capitalism.
【學位授予單位】：外交學院
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2004
【分類號】：D751.3
【引證文獻】
相關博士學位論文 前1條
1 彭鳳玲;杜魯門、艾森豪威爾政府對西歐心理戰(zhàn)略研究[D];陜西師范大學;2010年
本文編號：2335145
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