西歐國家政黨政治的多重兩難困境
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-28 13:36
【摘要】：近年來,西歐政黨政治亂象叢生的根本問題就是歐洲傳統(tǒng)政黨政治陷入多個兩難困境。無論是傳統(tǒng)左翼社會黨,還是右翼保守黨,政黨經(jīng)歷長時期生存危機(jī)后,在找尋出路的諸多嘗試中越來越舉步維艱。首先,許多政黨為了延續(xù)生命,追求吸引新支持者以最大化選票的同時卻喪失了原來的身份及傳統(tǒng)支持者;其次,由于大眾媒體與自媒體的發(fā)展,原本依靠議題設(shè)置來爭取民眾支持的政黨轉(zhuǎn)而求助于舞臺式的表演風(fēng)格來討好選民,政黨喪失議題設(shè)置功能,不只是放棄了競選過程的手段,更是放棄了其作為代議政制中一個重要角色的責(zé)任;再次,西歐政府在經(jīng)濟(jì)上面對國內(nèi)外的壓力及責(zé)任,而對經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的支配能力又被全球化、歐盟一體化所削弱,在如何回應(yīng)選民的短期利益訴求與維持國家的長期利益與良好對外關(guān)系的責(zé)任之間存在著兩難。除此之外,政黨實(shí)現(xiàn)政治的社會化以及為國家挑選及培訓(xùn)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的功能也明顯在政黨追求擴(kuò)大選票過程中被削弱了。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the fundamental problem of political chaos in Western Europe is that the traditional party politics in Europe is in many dilemmas. Whether it is the traditional left-wing Socialist Party or the right-wing Conservative Party, after a long period of survival crisis, the party is increasingly struggling in many attempts to find a way out. First, many political parties have lost their original identities and traditional supporters while seeking to attract new supporters to maximize the votes in order to continue their lives; secondly, because of the development of the mass media and the self-media, The political parties that originally relied on issue setting to win the support of the public turned to the stage style of acting to please the voters. Political parties losing the function of issue setting did not just give up the means of the election campaign. It has given up its responsibility as an important role in representative government. Thirdly, Western European governments are facing economic pressures and responsibilities at home and abroad, and their dominance of economic development has been weakened by globalization and the integration of the European Union. There is a dilemma between how to respond to the short-term interests of voters and the long-term interests of the country and the responsibility of good external relations. In addition, the socialisation of political parties and the selection and training of leaders for the country are clearly weakened in the party's quest to expand its votes.
【作者單位】： 清華大學(xué)社會科學(xué)學(xué)院;
【分類號】：D756
[Abstract]:In recent years, the fundamental problem of political chaos in Western Europe is that the traditional party politics in Europe is in many dilemmas. Whether it is the traditional left-wing Socialist Party or the right-wing Conservative Party, after a long period of survival crisis, the party is increasingly struggling in many attempts to find a way out. First, many political parties have lost their original identities and traditional supporters while seeking to attract new supporters to maximize the votes in order to continue their lives; secondly, because of the development of the mass media and the self-media, The political parties that originally relied on issue setting to win the support of the public turned to the stage style of acting to please the voters. Political parties losing the function of issue setting did not just give up the means of the election campaign. It has given up its responsibility as an important role in representative government. Thirdly, Western European governments are facing economic pressures and responsibilities at home and abroad, and their dominance of economic development has been weakened by globalization and the integration of the European Union. There is a dilemma between how to respond to the short-term interests of voters and the long-term interests of the country and the responsibility of good external relations. In addition, the socialisation of political parties and the selection and training of leaders for the country are clearly weakened in the party's quest to expand its votes.
【作者單位】： 清華大學(xué)社會科學(xué)學(xué)院;
【分類號】：D756
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1 朱大可;倒薩之戰(zhàn):自由知識分子的兩難困境[J];新聞周刊;2003年12期
2 王中e，
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