美蘇民族融合范式之比較
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-27 06:47
【摘要】：作為當時資本主義陣營和社會主義陣營中的超級大國,美國和前蘇聯(lián)都是多民族國家,都追求民族融合這一終極目標。但是兩國民族問題、民主結構、主流價值關于民族問題的理念,以及各自的民族政策都有著鮮明的特點,形成了迥然不同的民族融合范式。本文以文獻研究為主,附之以通觀比較的研究方法,試圖通過對美蘇上述有關民族問題的各方面之不同特點進行比較,根據兩國所制定的不同民族政策,及其在制定民族政策時所依賴的政治、經濟手段的不同,分析其在處理民族問題時理念、實踐的差異以及政策得失,最終得出美蘇之間不同的民族融合范式的差異,以之作為思考我國民族問題的借鑒。所得結論主要有:美國民族融合范式是指體現(xiàn)自由民主法治理念,將民族問題放在市場經濟的制度框架中,主要依靠自由平等競爭去協(xié)調各民族的不同利益,進而達到各民族在同一個國家共同體內和睦相處的民族政策體系模式。美國民族融合范式的確立最終實現(xiàn)了美國國內“文化多元、政治一體”的目標。而蘇聯(lián)民族融合范式是指:指體現(xiàn)極權主義理念,將民族問題放在計劃經濟的制度框架中,主要依靠行政指令去協(xié)調各民族的不同利益,進而追求各民族在同一個國家共同體內和睦相處的民族政策體系模式。從根本上來看,該范式的形成是蘇聯(lián)在實踐中扭曲了其所追求的共產主義理想造成的。蘇聯(lián)民族融合范式的確立使得蘇聯(lián)政府在很長一段時間內依靠權力的壓制掩蓋了各民族之間的利益沖突和矛盾,壓抑了各民族的不滿情緒,造成了各民族已然融合的假象。但是,一旦隱藏于表面之下的民族矛盾累積到一定程度,突破了蘇聯(lián)共產黨組織架構所能控制的極限,蘇聯(lián)的領導層便無力應對,民族矛盾的大爆發(fā)最終摧毀了蘇聯(lián)。
[Abstract]:As a superpower in the capitalist and socialist camps at that time, the United States and the former Soviet Union were both multi-ethnic countries, pursuing the ultimate goal of national integration. However, the national problems, the democratic structure, the concept of the mainstream value about the national problems, and their respective national policies all have distinct characteristics, forming a completely different pattern of ethnic integration. This paper is based on the literature study, with the method of general comparison, and attempts to compare the different characteristics of the above mentioned aspects of the ethnic issues between the United States and the Soviet Union, according to the different ethnic policies formulated by the two countries. And the differences of political and economic means in formulating national policies, analyzing the differences of ideas, practices and policies in dealing with ethnic issues, and finally arriving at the differences in the different paradigms of ethnic integration between the United States and the Soviet Union. To think about our national problems as a reference. The main conclusions are as follows: the American national integration paradigm is to embody the concept of liberal democracy and the rule of law, to put ethnic issues in the institutional framework of the market economy, and to coordinate the different interests of all nationalities mainly by free and equal competition. And then to achieve the ethnic policy system model of each ethnic group living in harmony within the same national community. The establishment of the American national fusion paradigm finally realized the goal of "cultural pluralism and political integration" in the United States. The paradigm of ethnic integration in the Soviet Union refers to the embodiment of totalitarianism, the placement of ethnic issues in the institutional framework of a planned economy, and the coordination of the different interests of various nationalities by administrative instructions. And then pursue the national policy system model of each ethnic group living in harmony within the same national community. Fundamentally, the formation of the paradigm was caused by the Soviet Union's distortion of its communist ideals in practice. The establishment of the model of national integration in the Soviet Union made the Soviet government rely on the suppression of power for a long time to cover up the conflicts of interest and contradictions among the nationalities, to suppress the discontent of the various nationalities, and to create the illusion that the nationalities had already merged. However, once the national contradictions hidden under the surface accumulated to a certain extent and broke through the limits controlled by the Soviet Communist Party's organizational structure, the Soviet leadership was unable to cope, and the outbreak of national contradictions finally destroyed the Soviet Union.
【學位授予單位】：中國青年政治學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D562
本文編號：2206455
[Abstract]:As a superpower in the capitalist and socialist camps at that time, the United States and the former Soviet Union were both multi-ethnic countries, pursuing the ultimate goal of national integration. However, the national problems, the democratic structure, the concept of the mainstream value about the national problems, and their respective national policies all have distinct characteristics, forming a completely different pattern of ethnic integration. This paper is based on the literature study, with the method of general comparison, and attempts to compare the different characteristics of the above mentioned aspects of the ethnic issues between the United States and the Soviet Union, according to the different ethnic policies formulated by the two countries. And the differences of political and economic means in formulating national policies, analyzing the differences of ideas, practices and policies in dealing with ethnic issues, and finally arriving at the differences in the different paradigms of ethnic integration between the United States and the Soviet Union. To think about our national problems as a reference. The main conclusions are as follows: the American national integration paradigm is to embody the concept of liberal democracy and the rule of law, to put ethnic issues in the institutional framework of the market economy, and to coordinate the different interests of all nationalities mainly by free and equal competition. And then to achieve the ethnic policy system model of each ethnic group living in harmony within the same national community. The establishment of the American national fusion paradigm finally realized the goal of "cultural pluralism and political integration" in the United States. The paradigm of ethnic integration in the Soviet Union refers to the embodiment of totalitarianism, the placement of ethnic issues in the institutional framework of a planned economy, and the coordination of the different interests of various nationalities by administrative instructions. And then pursue the national policy system model of each ethnic group living in harmony within the same national community. Fundamentally, the formation of the paradigm was caused by the Soviet Union's distortion of its communist ideals in practice. The establishment of the model of national integration in the Soviet Union made the Soviet government rely on the suppression of power for a long time to cover up the conflicts of interest and contradictions among the nationalities, to suppress the discontent of the various nationalities, and to create the illusion that the nationalities had already merged. However, once the national contradictions hidden under the surface accumulated to a certain extent and broke through the limits controlled by the Soviet Communist Party's organizational structure, the Soviet leadership was unable to cope, and the outbreak of national contradictions finally destroyed the Soviet Union.
【學位授予單位】：中國青年政治學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D562
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