俄羅斯民主化研究（1992年以來）
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-03 11:55
【摘要】： 20世紀80年代中期,伴隨著第三波民主化浪潮的余波,以蘇聯(lián)為首的二十多個東歐社會主義國家紛紛走上民主化轉(zhuǎn)型之路。而以蘇聯(lián)的解體為前提的俄羅斯民主化轉(zhuǎn)型尤為引人注目,它引起俄羅斯社會的巨大震蕩,經(jīng)濟幾乎陷入崩潰,百姓的生活水平急劇下滑,付出了巨大的代價。人們在震驚之余,開始不斷反思俄羅斯民主化之路。國內(nèi)外學者紛紛著書立說,試圖對俄羅斯民主化作出或批判、或借鑒、或結(jié)論的說明。可以說,俄羅斯的民主化經(jīng)驗對于任何一個處于轉(zhuǎn)型期的國家來說,都具有無比重要的價值。而本文的寫作則選擇了最能反映俄羅斯獨特之處的傳統(tǒng)政治文化的維度,即俄羅斯獨具特色的傳統(tǒng)價值理念的視角,對其民主化進程軌跡的內(nèi)在邏輯給予一定的分析與解釋,希望對中國的改革進程能夠提供有益的啟示。 本文首先對于俄羅斯民主化的動因、方式、路徑及其內(nèi)在邏輯給予了全景式的闡釋,使得本文對于俄羅斯的民主化有了一個全局的把握。在論述過程中,尤其在思考俄羅斯最獨具特色的傳統(tǒng)政治文化的內(nèi)核時感覺到,俄羅斯人在對自由主義認識的轉(zhuǎn)變過程中,以及從對“可控民主”的默認到主動提出“主權(quán)民主”的概念,一種對于國家的認知觀念在其中發(fā)揮著巨大的作用。從其民主化第一階段的自由主義民主的取向,到第二階段的權(quán)威主義轉(zhuǎn)向,再到普京提出“俄羅斯思想”中“復興”俄羅斯大國地位的戰(zhàn)略目標的提出,無不體現(xiàn)出俄羅斯人的國家觀念對于國家發(fā)展的一種質(zhì)的追求。俄羅斯創(chuàng)建的以總統(tǒng)為核心的三權(quán)分立制度,即超級總統(tǒng)制,而普京則更進一步,使國家強權(quán)成為俄羅斯政治、社會生活中不可撼動的權(quán)威,也正是這一追求的最好體現(xiàn)。這在某種程度上證明了,俄羅斯傳統(tǒng)政治文化的歷史慣性作用的客觀存在。可見,俄羅斯民主化所遇到的內(nèi)在困境即是俄羅斯傳統(tǒng)政治文化與西方自由主義民主價值理念之間的沖突,因此要實現(xiàn)其民主化的發(fā)展,首先要在已有的政治制度上進一步完善,其次通過發(fā)展自己的公民社會構(gòu)建民主的政治文化,從這兩方面著手來實現(xiàn)其民主的鞏固與進一步發(fā)展。因此本文選取了俄羅斯的國家觀念、俄羅斯政治制度的創(chuàng)建與完善和公民社會三個點,對俄羅斯民主化進行進一步的闡釋,希望能取得預期的效果。
[Abstract]:In the middle of 1980s, with the third wave of democratization, more than 20 socialist countries in Eastern Europe, led by the Soviet Union, embarked on the road of democratization and transformation. The transition of Russian democratization, based on the disintegration of the Soviet Union, is particularly striking. It has caused a great shock to the Russian society, the economy has almost collapsed, and the living standards of the common people have fallen sharply and paid a huge price. People in shock, began to reflect on the road to democratization in Russia. Scholars at home and abroad have written books, trying to make or criticize the democratization of Russia, or draw lessons from it, or explain the conclusion. It can be said that Russia's experience of democratization is of great value to any country in transition. In this paper, the author chooses the dimension of traditional political culture which can best reflect the uniqueness of Russia, that is, the perspective of Russia's unique traditional value concept, and gives a certain analysis and explanation to the internal logic of its democratic process. It is hoped that it will provide useful enlightenment to China's reform process. This paper first gives a panoramic explanation of the causes, ways, paths and internal logic of Russian democratization, which makes this paper have a comprehensive grasp of Russian democratization. In the course of the discussion, especially when thinking about the core of Russia's most unique traditional political culture, it is felt that the Russian people are changing their understanding of liberalism. And from the acquiescence of "controllable democracy" to putting forward the concept of "sovereign democracy", a kind of cognitive concept of state plays a great role in it. From the orientation of liberal democracy in the first stage of democratization to the turn of authoritarianism in the second stage, to Putin's strategic goal of "reviving" Russia's status as a major power in "Russian thought," All reflect the Russian national concept of the national development of a germplasm pursuit. The system of separation of powers with the president as the core, namely the super presidential system, was created by Russia, and Putin went further, making the power of the state become the unshakable authority in Russian politics and social life, which is the best embodiment of this pursuit. To some extent, this proves that the historical inertia of Russian traditional political culture exists objectively. It can be seen that the inherent dilemma of Russian democratization is the conflict between Russian traditional political culture and western liberal democratic values, so it is necessary to realize the development of Russian democratization. First of all, we should further improve the existing political system, second, through the development of our own civil society to build a democratic political culture, from these two aspects to achieve the consolidation and further development of its democracy. Therefore, this paper selects Russia's national concept, the establishment and perfection of Russian political system and civil society to further explain the democratization of Russia, hoping to achieve the desired results.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D751.2
本文編號：2161668
[Abstract]:In the middle of 1980s, with the third wave of democratization, more than 20 socialist countries in Eastern Europe, led by the Soviet Union, embarked on the road of democratization and transformation. The transition of Russian democratization, based on the disintegration of the Soviet Union, is particularly striking. It has caused a great shock to the Russian society, the economy has almost collapsed, and the living standards of the common people have fallen sharply and paid a huge price. People in shock, began to reflect on the road to democratization in Russia. Scholars at home and abroad have written books, trying to make or criticize the democratization of Russia, or draw lessons from it, or explain the conclusion. It can be said that Russia's experience of democratization is of great value to any country in transition. In this paper, the author chooses the dimension of traditional political culture which can best reflect the uniqueness of Russia, that is, the perspective of Russia's unique traditional value concept, and gives a certain analysis and explanation to the internal logic of its democratic process. It is hoped that it will provide useful enlightenment to China's reform process. This paper first gives a panoramic explanation of the causes, ways, paths and internal logic of Russian democratization, which makes this paper have a comprehensive grasp of Russian democratization. In the course of the discussion, especially when thinking about the core of Russia's most unique traditional political culture, it is felt that the Russian people are changing their understanding of liberalism. And from the acquiescence of "controllable democracy" to putting forward the concept of "sovereign democracy", a kind of cognitive concept of state plays a great role in it. From the orientation of liberal democracy in the first stage of democratization to the turn of authoritarianism in the second stage, to Putin's strategic goal of "reviving" Russia's status as a major power in "Russian thought," All reflect the Russian national concept of the national development of a germplasm pursuit. The system of separation of powers with the president as the core, namely the super presidential system, was created by Russia, and Putin went further, making the power of the state become the unshakable authority in Russian politics and social life, which is the best embodiment of this pursuit. To some extent, this proves that the historical inertia of Russian traditional political culture exists objectively. It can be seen that the inherent dilemma of Russian democratization is the conflict between Russian traditional political culture and western liberal democratic values, so it is necessary to realize the development of Russian democratization. First of all, we should further improve the existing political system, second, through the development of our own civil society to build a democratic political culture, from these two aspects to achieve the consolidation and further development of its democracy. Therefore, this paper selects Russia's national concept, the establishment and perfection of Russian political system and civil society to further explain the democratization of Russia, hoping to achieve the desired results.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D751.2
【引證文獻】
相關(guān)博士學位論文 前3條
1 陶林;轉(zhuǎn)型時期俄羅斯利益集團政治參與研究[D];南京師范大學;2011年
2 姚亮;中國民主化進程中的社會風險研究[D];中共中央黨校;2010年
3 張在范;俄羅斯勞動法利益平衡理念的實現(xiàn)機制[D];黑龍江大學;2012年
，本文編號：2161668
本文鏈接：http://www.sikaile.net/shekelunwen/guojizhengzhilunwen/2161668.html
