拉丁美洲中產(chǎn)階級研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-31 14:52
【摘要】：本文采用定量和定性分析相結(jié)合、歷史分析和比較分析相結(jié)合的方法，系統(tǒng)考察了拉美國家中產(chǎn)階級的歷史演變過程，并以此為基礎(chǔ)，分析了20世紀(jì)80~90年代拉美中產(chǎn)階級面臨的脆弱性，重點(diǎn)探究其背后的政策性根源。同時(shí)，通過與新世紀(jì)拉美積極的政策實(shí)踐的比較，表明中產(chǎn)階級的成長既依靠個(gè)人的努力，更需要社會政策的推動和保障。正文內(nèi)容如下： 1.中產(chǎn)階級的界定及其在拉美的適用性 本章首先探討了世界范圍內(nèi)有關(guān)中產(chǎn)階級的概念和界定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，梳理了關(guān)于中產(chǎn)階級功能的諸多文獻(xiàn)。在比較分析不同的中產(chǎn)階級概念和界定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之后，筆者提出了適用拉美的界定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并指出中產(chǎn)階級的功能和角色同樣適用于拉美，而不存在所謂的“拉美中產(chǎn)階級的悖論”。 2.拉美中產(chǎn)階級的形成和發(fā)展 本章主要從歷史的角度，分階段展示了拉美中產(chǎn)階級的形成和發(fā)展過程，并重點(diǎn)分析了推動拉美中產(chǎn)階級形成和發(fā)展的幾大要素：工業(yè)化、城市化、公共教育、國際移民，，以及公共部門的擴(kuò)張等。 3.拉美中產(chǎn)階級的脆弱性及其表現(xiàn) 本章主要展現(xiàn)20世紀(jì)80年代債務(wù)危機(jī)后的結(jié)構(gòu)性調(diào)整和隨后的新自由主義改革給拉美中產(chǎn)階級帶來的一系列挑戰(zhàn)：新貧困、失業(yè)、虛假的社會流動、焦慮和不安全，以及中產(chǎn)階級的海外移民等，借以揭示中產(chǎn)階級在80年代直至21世紀(jì)初的20多年間面臨的困境。 4.拉美中產(chǎn)階級的脆弱性：政策視角 本章主要分析了20世紀(jì)80~90年代拉美中產(chǎn)階級停滯不前的諸方面根源，指出，拉美中產(chǎn)階級的衰落和停滯，一方面源于經(jīng)濟(jì)的衰退，另一方面則根源于社會政策赤字或社會政策失靈；并著重從收入分配嚴(yán)重不公、教育流動性不足、稅收制度和公共支出的累退性，以及社會保障制度的弱化等四個(gè)維度進(jìn)行分析。 5.拉美中產(chǎn)階級的未來 本章是對拉美中產(chǎn)階級未來的展望。這里首先肯定了中產(chǎn)階級之于拉美未來發(fā)展的重要性，并緊隨其后提出了鞏固和發(fā)展中產(chǎn)階級的一系列政策性意見。筆者認(rèn)為，政策培育是拉美中產(chǎn)階級未來實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵。基于此，拉美的決策者們必須改變過去的路徑依賴，將20世紀(jì)80~90年代的“親富式”改革和過去10年的“親貧式”增長轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐粋�(gè)開放性的、包容中產(chǎn)階級的增長。
[Abstract]:This paper, by combining quantitative and qualitative analysis, historical analysis and comparative analysis, systematically examines the historical evolution of the middle class in Latin American countries. This paper analyzes the vulnerability of the Latin American middle class in the 1980s and 1990's, and probes into the policy root behind it. At the same time, by comparing with the positive policy practice in Latin America in the new century, it shows that the growth of the middle class depends not only on the efforts of individuals, but also on the promotion and protection of social policies. The text is as follows: 1. The definition of middle class and its applicability in Latin America this chapter first discusses the concept and criteria of middle class in the world, and combs many literatures on the function of middle class. After a comparative analysis of different concepts and criteria of middle class, the author puts forward the definition criteria for Latin America, and points out that the functions and roles of middle class are also applicable to Latin America. There is no so-called "Latin American middle class paradox." 2. The formation and development of the middle class in Latin America this chapter mainly shows the formation and development of the middle class in Latin America from the historical point of view. It also focuses on the factors driving the formation and development of the middle class in Latin America: industrialization, urbanization, public education, international migration, and the expansion of the public sector. The vulnerability of the Latin American middle class and its manifestations this chapter presents a series of challenges to the Latin American middle class: new poverty, unemployment, structural adjustment after the debt crisis of the 1980s and the subsequent neoliberal reforms. False social mobility, anxiety and insecurity, as well as middle-class emigration, reveal the plight of the middle class in the 1980s to the early 2000s. Vulnerability of the Latin American Middle Class: this chapter mainly analyzes the causes of the stagnation of the Latin American middle class in the 1980s and 1990s, pointing out that the decline and stagnation of the Latin American middle class, on the one hand, stem from the recession of the economy. On the other hand, it is rooted in the deficit of social policy or the failure of social policy, and focuses on the serious unfair distribution of income, the lack of mobility of education, the regressive nature of the tax system and public expenditure, As well as the weakening of the social security system and four dimensions of analysis. 5. The future of the Latin American middle class this chapter is the future of the Latin American middle class outlook. The importance of the middle class to the future development of Latin America is first affirmed, followed by a series of policy suggestions for the consolidation and development of the middle class. The author believes that policy cultivation is the key to the sustainable development of Latin American middle class in the future. Based on this, Latin American policymakers must change the path dependence of the past, transforming the "pro-rich" reforms of the 1980s and 1990s and the "pro-poor" growth of the past decade into an open, middle-class growth.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國社會科學(xué)院研究生院
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D773
本文編號：2155934
[Abstract]:This paper, by combining quantitative and qualitative analysis, historical analysis and comparative analysis, systematically examines the historical evolution of the middle class in Latin American countries. This paper analyzes the vulnerability of the Latin American middle class in the 1980s and 1990's, and probes into the policy root behind it. At the same time, by comparing with the positive policy practice in Latin America in the new century, it shows that the growth of the middle class depends not only on the efforts of individuals, but also on the promotion and protection of social policies. The text is as follows: 1. The definition of middle class and its applicability in Latin America this chapter first discusses the concept and criteria of middle class in the world, and combs many literatures on the function of middle class. After a comparative analysis of different concepts and criteria of middle class, the author puts forward the definition criteria for Latin America, and points out that the functions and roles of middle class are also applicable to Latin America. There is no so-called "Latin American middle class paradox." 2. The formation and development of the middle class in Latin America this chapter mainly shows the formation and development of the middle class in Latin America from the historical point of view. It also focuses on the factors driving the formation and development of the middle class in Latin America: industrialization, urbanization, public education, international migration, and the expansion of the public sector. The vulnerability of the Latin American middle class and its manifestations this chapter presents a series of challenges to the Latin American middle class: new poverty, unemployment, structural adjustment after the debt crisis of the 1980s and the subsequent neoliberal reforms. False social mobility, anxiety and insecurity, as well as middle-class emigration, reveal the plight of the middle class in the 1980s to the early 2000s. Vulnerability of the Latin American Middle Class: this chapter mainly analyzes the causes of the stagnation of the Latin American middle class in the 1980s and 1990s, pointing out that the decline and stagnation of the Latin American middle class, on the one hand, stem from the recession of the economy. On the other hand, it is rooted in the deficit of social policy or the failure of social policy, and focuses on the serious unfair distribution of income, the lack of mobility of education, the regressive nature of the tax system and public expenditure, As well as the weakening of the social security system and four dimensions of analysis. 5. The future of the Latin American middle class this chapter is the future of the Latin American middle class outlook. The importance of the middle class to the future development of Latin America is first affirmed, followed by a series of policy suggestions for the consolidation and development of the middle class. The author believes that policy cultivation is the key to the sustainable development of Latin American middle class in the future. Based on this, Latin American policymakers must change the path dependence of the past, transforming the "pro-rich" reforms of the 1980s and 1990s and the "pro-poor" growth of the past decade into an open, middle-class growth.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國社會科學(xué)院研究生院
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D773
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