民族主義、國家結(jié)構(gòu)與國際化——南斯拉夫民族問題研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-14 08:41
【摘要】： 本文是對南斯拉夫民族問題進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)比較全面和系統(tǒng)的跨學(xué)科研究。文中提及的“南斯拉夫”(或“前南斯拉夫”)，一般是指1945-1991年南斯拉夫聯(lián)邦所涵蓋的疆域范圍。 本文從南斯拉夫所處的文明結(jié)合部這一地緣特征出發(fā)，圍繞南斯拉夫民族問題的起伏消長，挖掘南斯拉夫民族危機(jī)的文化和制度根源，梳理和考察歷史與現(xiàn)實(shí)、國內(nèi)和國際因素的制約互動。本文要解決的主要問題是：1、民族主義為何成為威脅與破壞南斯拉大多民族統(tǒng)一的頑癥。2、南共聯(lián)盟處理民族問題失策的根源何在。3、南斯拉夫民族問題與冷戰(zhàn)后國際關(guān)系。作者主要觀點(diǎn)如下： 其一，到16世紀(jì)，在南斯拉夫各民族同中有異的基礎(chǔ)上，，整個南斯拉夫已分裂為西歐天主教文明、斯拉夫東正教文明和土耳其伊斯蘭文明三大塊，形成南斯拉夫各民族分野與交融同時并存、交錯重疊的狀態(tài)。這種民族文化錯綜復(fù)雜的狀態(tài)，鑄就了南斯拉夫根深蒂固、盤根錯節(jié)的民族宗教沖突。由此，文明斷層帶構(gòu)成南斯拉夫民族問題長期存在的內(nèi)在文化根源。 其二，在對南斯拉夫具體國情(尤其是民族問題)認(rèn)識比較成熟的基礎(chǔ)上，鐵托為首的南共以聯(lián)邦制再建南斯拉夫多民族的統(tǒng)一國家。南斯拉夫聯(lián)邦時期民族問題從緩解到激化的消長歷程，其緣由并非在于南共對聯(lián)邦制這一國家結(jié)構(gòu)的選擇，而是南斯拉夫在自治社會主義制度探索和改革中，其聯(lián)邦制發(fā)生了過度分權(quán)、強(qiáng)調(diào)民族絕對平等的“邦聯(lián)化”畸變，這種制度變遷上的失誤才是南斯拉夫民族問題重浮水面的主要原委。 其三，20世紀(jì)末南斯拉夫失去了冷戰(zhàn)時期在東西方對抗中所享有的地緣政治利益，自身還在蘇東劇變大潮的沖擊中發(fā)生著深刻的體制變遷，與政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)相伴而來的民族危機(jī)最終導(dǎo)致國家分裂，并引起一系列愈益慘烈的武裝沖突和戰(zhàn)爭，威脅著巴爾干半島和歐洲的安全與穩(wěn)定。同時，世界各大國和國際集團(tuán)也從各自利益和戰(zhàn)略意圖出發(fā)，進(jìn)行縱橫捭闔的干預(yù)，甚至從調(diào)停者變成了參與者、主導(dǎo)者。由此90年代南斯拉夫民族問題明顯呈現(xiàn)國際化的特征和趨勢，成為錯綜復(fù)雜的冷戰(zhàn)后國際關(guān)系和世界格局發(fā)展的多棱鏡。 本文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容安排如下: 第一篇兩章是關(guān)于20世紀(jì)中葉以前南斯拉夫民族問題的歷時性研究。 第一章從文明結(jié)合部的視角闡述南斯拉夫民族問題形成的地緣、民族、宗 教、文化、歷史基礎(chǔ)。指出:南斯拉夫民族問題不僅內(nèi)涵復(fù)雜，而且由來己久， 這與南斯拉夫地處巴爾干文明結(jié)合部關(guān)聯(lián)密切。南斯拉夫地處歐洲文明斷層帶南 段，西方天主教拉丁文明、斯拉夫東正教文明和土耳其伊斯蘭文明在此三足鼎立， 民族文化的交融碰撞造就了南斯拉夫民族問題長期存在的內(nèi)在文化根源。 第二章在16世紀(jì)到二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束400多年的歷史大跨度中，宏觀考察南斯拉夫 各族的民族認(rèn)同與沖突。內(nèi)容為:在東西方列強(qiáng)角逐巴爾干的歷史背景五近代南 斯拉夫民族主義運(yùn)動逐漸興起。雖然一戰(zhàn)促使南斯拉夫統(tǒng)一民族國家夢幻成真， 但王國大塞爾維亞主義霸權(quán)統(tǒng)治無視克族等非塞族的民族權(quán)益及他們的聯(lián)邦主 義要求，致使南斯拉夫民族問題在原有基礎(chǔ)上明顯突出。二戰(zhàn)期間法西斯唆使南 斯拉夫各族間相互仇殺，嚴(yán)重地加劇南斯拉夫內(nèi)部的民族隔閡和仇恨。 第二篇四章集中分析聯(lián)邦制與南斯拉夫民族問題的關(guān)系。 第三章主要是研究冷戰(zhàn)時期南斯拉夫聯(lián)邦民族問題的消長起伏，內(nèi)容為: 在“兄弟團(tuán)結(jié)和統(tǒng)一”的民族政策指導(dǎo)下，鐵托為首的南共在取得民族解放戰(zhàn)爭 勝利后，以聯(lián)邦制重新建立了南斯拉夫多民族統(tǒng)一的國家，歷史遺留下來的民族 矛盾和沖突也一度得到緩解。但隨著自治社會主義改革實(shí)踐的發(fā)展，60年代中 期到70年代初南斯拉夫民族關(guān)系再現(xiàn)危機(jī);在80年代經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的背景下，科索 沃地區(qū)阿族騷亂成為南斯拉夫民族問題重新激化的標(biāo)志。 第四章主要從憲政改革的視角論述南斯拉夫聯(lián)邦制的演變對民族問題的影 響。指出:聯(lián)邦制作為南斯拉夫國家結(jié)構(gòu)形式，原本是南共蒸秘民族問題在國 家的統(tǒng)一性與地方的多樣性之間尋求一種平衡，然而在南斯拉夫聯(lián)邦制的演變卻 最終陷入了“邦聯(lián)化”的陷阱，從而在分權(quán)與集權(quán)的失衡中加速了南聯(lián)邦的解體。 第五章側(cè)重考察南斯拉夫聯(lián)邦經(jīng)濟(jì)體制對民族問題的消極影響。內(nèi)容為: 在國家經(jīng)濟(jì)職能消亡論指導(dǎo)下，南斯拉夫經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的演變出現(xiàn)過度分權(quán)的弊端， 既使聯(lián)邦中央失去了必要的政府干預(yù)能力，又使聯(lián)邦統(tǒng)一市場分割為各個相互封 閉的地方經(jīng)濟(jì)體系，造就了各共和國經(jīng)濟(jì)民族主義和分離主義運(yùn)動的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)。 第六章專就南聯(lián)邦政府在民族理論和政策上的失誤進(jìn)行分析。指出:在民 族政策貌似公正的外表下，南共政府實(shí)際卻犯下把民族平等和差異推向絕對的極 端化錯誤;在錯誤的“弱塞而強(qiáng)南”觀念指導(dǎo)下，鐵托等南共領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人推行鉗制塞 爾維亞的路線:另外聯(lián)邦政府在民族理論和政策上的失誤還表現(xiàn)為民族概念的混 亂，包括人為地制造波黑穆斯林民族;這一切均埋下了南斯拉夫民族危機(jī)的禍根。 第三篇三章側(cè)重對冷戰(zhàn)后時代南斯拉夫民族問題國際化的研究。 第七章闡述世界格局演變中的南斯拉夫聯(lián)邦解體。內(nèi)容為:在?
[Abstract]:This article is a comprehensive and systematic interdisciplinary study of the ethnic issues in Yugoslavia. The "Yugoslavia" (or "former Yugoslavia") referred to in the article generally refers to the territory covered by the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia for 1945-1991 years.
This article, based on the geopolitical characteristics of the Ministry of civilization in Yugoslavia, revolves around the fluctuation and decline of the ethnic problems in Yugoslavia, excavates the cultural and institutional roots of the Yugoslavia national crisis, combs and examines the history and reality, and the constraints between the domestic and international factors. The main problems to be solved are as follows: 1, nationalism is why In order to threaten and destroy the stubborn disease of the national unity of the Nancy.2, what is the root of the alliance to deal with national problems is in.3, the Yugoslavia national problem and the post Cold War international relations. The main points of the author are as follows:
First, by sixteenth Century, on the basis of different ethnic groups in Yugoslavia, the whole Yugoslavia has been divided into Western European Catholic civilization, Slavic orthodox civilization and Turkey Islamic civilization in three big blocks, forming a state of concurrently coexistence and overlapping of all ethnic groups in Yugoslavia. This state of ethnic culture is complex, It created the deep-rooted and intersected ethnic and religious conflicts in Yugoslavia. Therefore, the civilization fault zone constitutes the inherent cultural root of the long-term existence of the ethnic problems in Yugoslavia.
Secondly, on the basis of the more mature understanding of the specific national conditions of Yugoslavia (especially the national problem), the southern Communist Party, headed by Tito, reconstructs the United States of multi nationalities in Yugoslavia. The ethnic problems in the period of the Yugoslavia federal period from remission to the sharpening process are not due to the national structure of the federalism of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of China. The choice, but in the exploration and reform of the autonomous socialist system in Yugoslavia, has taken place over the power of the federal system, emphasizing the "Confederacy" distortion of the absolute equality of the nation. The failure of this system change is the main original Committee of the re floating of the Yugoslavia national problem.
Third, at the end of the twentieth Century, Yugoslavia lost the geopolitical interests of the cold war in the East and the West. It also had a profound institutional change in the shock of the great tide of the Soviet Union and East Asia. The national crisis accompanied by the political and economic crisis eventually led to the split of the state, and caused a series of armed conflicts and a series of violent armed conflicts. The war threatens the security and stability of the Balkans and Europe. At the same time, the great powers and international groups of the world have also intervened from their own interests and strategic intentions, even from the mediators to the participants and the leaders. In 90s, the national problem of Yugoslavia was clearly characterized and the trend of internationalization. The complex prism of international relations and the development of world pattern after the cold war.
The basic structure and content of this article are as follows:
The first two chapters are a diachronic study of the ethnic issues in Yugoslavia before the middle of twentieth Century.
The first chapter expounds the geopolitical, ethnic and religious issues of Yugoslavia's ethnic problems from the perspective of civilization integration.
Teaching, culture and historical basis. It points out that Yugoslavia's ethnic problems are not only complex in meaning but also long in origin.
This is closely related to Yugoslavia's integration with the Balkan civilization. Yugoslavia is located in the south of the European civilization fault belt.
The Western Roman Catholic civilization, the Slavic orthodox civilization and the Islamic civilization of Turkey stand in tripartite confrontation.
The collision of national culture has created the inherent cultural root of the long-standing existence of Yugoslavia's ethnic problems.
In the second chapter, from sixteenth Century to the end of World War II, over 400 years of historical span, Yugoslavia was macroscopically investigated.
The ethnic identity and conflict of all ethnic groups: the historical background of the Balkans competing in the East and west powers: Five
The Slavic nationalism movement is gradually emerging. Although the first World War has led to the unification of Yugoslavia, the dream of a nation state has come true.
But the great Serbia hegemony of the Kingdom disregarded the ethnic interests of the non Serbs and their federalism.
Yugoslavia's ethnic problems are obviously prominent on the original basis. During the Second World War, fascist instigated the south.
The mutual hostility between Slavic peoples has seriously aggravated ethnic barriers and hatred within Yugoslavia.
The second four chapters focus on the relationship between federalism and Yugoslavia's ethnic problems.
The third chapter is mainly about the growth and decline of Yugoslavia's national problems during the cold war.
Under the guidance of the national policy of "fraternal solidarity and unity", the South Communist Party headed by Tito was in the war of national liberation.
After the victory, the federal system was used to rebuild Yugoslavia's multi-ethnic and unified nation.
Contradictions and conflicts were relieved for a while. But with the development of the practice of autonomous socialist reform, the middle of 60s.
From the early 70s to the early 70s, the crisis of national relations in the Republic of China was reappearing. In the context of the economic crisis of 80s, kosso
The Albanian riots in the fertile area have become the symbol of the intensification of the ethnic problems in Yugoslavia.
The fourth chapter mainly discusses the influence of the evolution of Yugoslavia's federalism on ethnic issues from the perspective of constitutional reform.
It is pointed out that federal production is a form of Yugoslavia's national structure.
There is a balance between the unity of the family and the diversity of the place, but in the evolution of the federalism in Yugoslavia
Finally, they fell into the trap of "Confederation" and accelerated the disintegration of the South Federal Union in the imbalance between decentralization and centralization.
The fifth chapter focuses on the negative impact of Yugoslavia's federal economic system on ethnic issues.
Under the guidance of the disappearance of the national economic function, the evolution of Yugoslavia's economic system has the disadvantages of over decentralization.
Even if the federal central government lost the necessary ability of government intervention, the federal unified market was divided into various seals.
The closed local economic system has created the economic foundation of the economic nationalism and Separatism Movement of the republics.
The sixth chapter analyzes the mistakes made by the federal government in Ethnic Theory and policy.
Under the seemingly fair appearance of the ethnic policy, the Communist Party of South Korea actually pushed the equality and difference of nationalities to the absolute poles.
Under the guidance of the concept of "weak and strong south", the leaders of the Communist Party of Tito and other leaders adopted the plug.
The route of the other countries: the federal government's fault in Ethnic Theory and policy is also reflected in the confusion of national concepts.
Chaos, including artificially created Bosnia and Herzegovina Muslim people, all of which have laid the root of the national crisis in Yugoslavia.
The third three chapter focuses on the internationalization of Yugoslavia's ethnic issues in the post Cold War era.
The seventh chapter expounds the disintegration of Yugoslavia Federation in the evolution of world structure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2003
【分類號】：D75
本文編號：2121095
[Abstract]:This article is a comprehensive and systematic interdisciplinary study of the ethnic issues in Yugoslavia. The "Yugoslavia" (or "former Yugoslavia") referred to in the article generally refers to the territory covered by the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia for 1945-1991 years.
This article, based on the geopolitical characteristics of the Ministry of civilization in Yugoslavia, revolves around the fluctuation and decline of the ethnic problems in Yugoslavia, excavates the cultural and institutional roots of the Yugoslavia national crisis, combs and examines the history and reality, and the constraints between the domestic and international factors. The main problems to be solved are as follows: 1, nationalism is why In order to threaten and destroy the stubborn disease of the national unity of the Nancy.2, what is the root of the alliance to deal with national problems is in.3, the Yugoslavia national problem and the post Cold War international relations. The main points of the author are as follows:
First, by sixteenth Century, on the basis of different ethnic groups in Yugoslavia, the whole Yugoslavia has been divided into Western European Catholic civilization, Slavic orthodox civilization and Turkey Islamic civilization in three big blocks, forming a state of concurrently coexistence and overlapping of all ethnic groups in Yugoslavia. This state of ethnic culture is complex, It created the deep-rooted and intersected ethnic and religious conflicts in Yugoslavia. Therefore, the civilization fault zone constitutes the inherent cultural root of the long-term existence of the ethnic problems in Yugoslavia.
Secondly, on the basis of the more mature understanding of the specific national conditions of Yugoslavia (especially the national problem), the southern Communist Party, headed by Tito, reconstructs the United States of multi nationalities in Yugoslavia. The ethnic problems in the period of the Yugoslavia federal period from remission to the sharpening process are not due to the national structure of the federalism of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of China. The choice, but in the exploration and reform of the autonomous socialist system in Yugoslavia, has taken place over the power of the federal system, emphasizing the "Confederacy" distortion of the absolute equality of the nation. The failure of this system change is the main original Committee of the re floating of the Yugoslavia national problem.
Third, at the end of the twentieth Century, Yugoslavia lost the geopolitical interests of the cold war in the East and the West. It also had a profound institutional change in the shock of the great tide of the Soviet Union and East Asia. The national crisis accompanied by the political and economic crisis eventually led to the split of the state, and caused a series of armed conflicts and a series of violent armed conflicts. The war threatens the security and stability of the Balkans and Europe. At the same time, the great powers and international groups of the world have also intervened from their own interests and strategic intentions, even from the mediators to the participants and the leaders. In 90s, the national problem of Yugoslavia was clearly characterized and the trend of internationalization. The complex prism of international relations and the development of world pattern after the cold war.
The basic structure and content of this article are as follows:
The first two chapters are a diachronic study of the ethnic issues in Yugoslavia before the middle of twentieth Century.
The first chapter expounds the geopolitical, ethnic and religious issues of Yugoslavia's ethnic problems from the perspective of civilization integration.
Teaching, culture and historical basis. It points out that Yugoslavia's ethnic problems are not only complex in meaning but also long in origin.
This is closely related to Yugoslavia's integration with the Balkan civilization. Yugoslavia is located in the south of the European civilization fault belt.
The Western Roman Catholic civilization, the Slavic orthodox civilization and the Islamic civilization of Turkey stand in tripartite confrontation.
The collision of national culture has created the inherent cultural root of the long-standing existence of Yugoslavia's ethnic problems.
In the second chapter, from sixteenth Century to the end of World War II, over 400 years of historical span, Yugoslavia was macroscopically investigated.
The ethnic identity and conflict of all ethnic groups: the historical background of the Balkans competing in the East and west powers: Five
The Slavic nationalism movement is gradually emerging. Although the first World War has led to the unification of Yugoslavia, the dream of a nation state has come true.
But the great Serbia hegemony of the Kingdom disregarded the ethnic interests of the non Serbs and their federalism.
Yugoslavia's ethnic problems are obviously prominent on the original basis. During the Second World War, fascist instigated the south.
The mutual hostility between Slavic peoples has seriously aggravated ethnic barriers and hatred within Yugoslavia.
The second four chapters focus on the relationship between federalism and Yugoslavia's ethnic problems.
The third chapter is mainly about the growth and decline of Yugoslavia's national problems during the cold war.
Under the guidance of the national policy of "fraternal solidarity and unity", the South Communist Party headed by Tito was in the war of national liberation.
After the victory, the federal system was used to rebuild Yugoslavia's multi-ethnic and unified nation.
Contradictions and conflicts were relieved for a while. But with the development of the practice of autonomous socialist reform, the middle of 60s.
From the early 70s to the early 70s, the crisis of national relations in the Republic of China was reappearing. In the context of the economic crisis of 80s, kosso
The Albanian riots in the fertile area have become the symbol of the intensification of the ethnic problems in Yugoslavia.
The fourth chapter mainly discusses the influence of the evolution of Yugoslavia's federalism on ethnic issues from the perspective of constitutional reform.
It is pointed out that federal production is a form of Yugoslavia's national structure.
There is a balance between the unity of the family and the diversity of the place, but in the evolution of the federalism in Yugoslavia
Finally, they fell into the trap of "Confederation" and accelerated the disintegration of the South Federal Union in the imbalance between decentralization and centralization.
The fifth chapter focuses on the negative impact of Yugoslavia's federal economic system on ethnic issues.
Under the guidance of the disappearance of the national economic function, the evolution of Yugoslavia's economic system has the disadvantages of over decentralization.
Even if the federal central government lost the necessary ability of government intervention, the federal unified market was divided into various seals.
The closed local economic system has created the economic foundation of the economic nationalism and Separatism Movement of the republics.
The sixth chapter analyzes the mistakes made by the federal government in Ethnic Theory and policy.
Under the seemingly fair appearance of the ethnic policy, the Communist Party of South Korea actually pushed the equality and difference of nationalities to the absolute poles.
Under the guidance of the concept of "weak and strong south", the leaders of the Communist Party of Tito and other leaders adopted the plug.
The route of the other countries: the federal government's fault in Ethnic Theory and policy is also reflected in the confusion of national concepts.
Chaos, including artificially created Bosnia and Herzegovina Muslim people, all of which have laid the root of the national crisis in Yugoslavia.
The third three chapter focuses on the internationalization of Yugoslavia's ethnic issues in the post Cold War era.
The seventh chapter expounds the disintegration of Yugoslavia Federation in the evolution of world structure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2003
【分類號】：D75
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條
1 張潔;;災(zāi)難外交與民族沖突解決的路徑選擇——以印尼和斯里蘭卡為比較樣本[J];太平洋學(xué)報(bào);2011年11期
相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 侯發(fā)兵;民族利益關(guān)系形態(tài)探析[D];中國社會科學(xué)院研究生院;2013年
本文編號：2121095
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