本文選題：美國 + 慈善基金會�。� 參考：《中國社會科學院研究生院》2003年博士論文

【摘要】： 美國不僅是一個民族的大“熔爐”，同時它還是一個政治與文化多元化的國家。在美國的政治生活中除政府、政黨、國會等凸顯因素外，還有利益集團、大眾傳媒、宗教社團、思想庫、慈善基金會等多種因素。其中慈善基金會作為一種獨特的社會中介力量，在美國及世界其他地方捐資支持了大量的項目，為社會的進步，尤其是文化與科技的發(fā)展做出了貢獻，對美國的內(nèi)政與外交產(chǎn)生了深刻影響，是一個非常值得研究的課題。 本文以辯證唯物主義和歷史唯物主義為指導，對以卡內(nèi)基、洛克菲勒和福特等基金會為代表的美國慈善基金會與美國政治的關系加以真實、客觀地分析，從而理清慈善基金會在美國政治與社會生活中的地位、與其他政治行為體的關系、及其所體現(xiàn)的思想與所代表的利益。 本論文共分七個部分，具體內(nèi)容和主要觀點如下： 第一章緒論，回顧與分析國內(nèi)外與本專題有關的研究情況及本專題研究的意義、本文擬采取的研究方法及結構。 第二章美國的現(xiàn)代慈善基金會，分析本論文研究對象的性質(zhì)、范圍、特點、宗旨及類別。指出慈善基金會以傳播文化、增進知識為己任，具有相對的獨立性、穩(wěn)定性、中介性和國際性。依據(jù)不同的標準可以將基金會分為不同的類別。 第三章慈善基金會的緣起與發(fā)展，分析慈善基金會20世紀初在美國興起的各種原因。19世紀末美國經(jīng)濟的快速增長造就了一批百萬富翁，他們有了創(chuàng)辦慈善基金會的財力，美國文化與宗教中鼓勵捐贈、譴責貪婪的傳統(tǒng)成為這些百萬富翁創(chuàng)辦慈善基金會的內(nèi)驅(qū)力，當時的政治形勢，尤其是“進步主義”和“黑幕揭發(fā)”運動以及國際工人運動的高漲，是促使富翁們創(chuàng)辦慈善基金會的外驅(qū)力，這多種因素的結合催生了美國的現(xiàn)代慈善基金會。慈善基金會不斷發(fā)展壯大，成為美國社會和政治中一個重要的行為體。 第四章慈善基金會與美國內(nèi)政，分析基金會在國內(nèi)資助的大量文化、教育、衛(wèi)生和科研項目，指出基金會的捐贈彌補了政府在這些方面的投資不足，為美國文化與科技的進步做出了貢獻�；饡�資助種族問題研究與民權運動，促使政府在這些問題上有所作為，緩解了國內(nèi)的階級與民族矛盾�；饡Y助的社會科學研究的成果為政府制定政策提供了理論參考與指導。 第五章慈善基金會與美國外交，分析慈善基金會的海外行為與美國外交政策的關系�；饡e極促進美國文化在全球的傳播，利用文化交流與資助發(fā)展中國家高等教育等方式來培養(yǎng)親美人士，為鞏固美國的霸權地位服務，成為美國外交政策的“沉默的伙伴”。 第六章慈善基金會與美國政府，研究基金會與政府的關系。盡管基金會是非政府、非贏利、獨立運作的民間機構，但在實際的運作中卻與政府有著千絲萬縷的聯(lián)系。慈善基金會與美國政府既有互動合作、又有矛盾沖突�；饡捌渌Y助的一些思想庫還起到了為政府儲備和提供人才的作用�；饡诳傮w上服務于美國的大政方針，但它們在國內(nèi)所得到的并不是一片贊美之聲，左傾民粹主義者和右傾保守主義者都對它們的行為與目的提出質(zhì)疑并由此引發(fā)了國會對基金會的調(diào)查，這些調(diào)查促成了美國的稅法改革，也規(guī)范了基金會的行為。 第七章結語，總結全文，指出現(xiàn)代慈善基金會是美國所特有的一種社會中介組織、發(fā)揮著剩余財富再分配的作用，并得出這樣的結論：即從根本上看，，基金會所代表和維護的是美國社會中少數(shù)精英的利益，這些社會精英是美國現(xiàn)行制度的既得利益者，因而基金會也就成為了美國現(xiàn)行資本主義制度的支柱之一。
[Abstract]:The United States is not only a big "melting pot" of a nation, but also a country of political and cultural diversity. In the political life of the United States, in addition to the prominent factors such as government, political parties, and Congress, there are many factors such as interest groups, mass media, religious communities, thought banks, charitable foundations, among which charitable foundations are a unique kind. The social intermediation force, in the United States and other parts of the world, has supported a large number of projects, contributing to the progress of the society, especially the development of culture and science and technology. It has a profound impact on the internal affairs and diplomacy of the United States. It is a very worthwhile topic to be studied.
Guided by dialectical materialism and historical materialism, this paper makes a real and objective analysis of the relationship between American charitable foundations and American politics, represented by the foundations of Carnegie, Rockefeller and Ford, so as to clarify the status of the charitable foundation in the political and social life of the United States and the relationship with other political actors. And the thoughts and interests they represent.
This thesis is divided into seven parts. The specific contents and main points are as follows:
The first chapter is the introduction. It reviews and analyzes the research situation and the significance of this topic at home and abroad, and the research methods and structure that this article intends to take.
The second chapter of the modern philanthropic foundation of the United States, analyzes the nature, scope, characteristics, tenet and category of this research object. It points out that the charity foundation is independent, stable, mediating and international. The foundation can be divided into different categories according to different standards.
The third chapter, the origin and development of charitable foundations, analyses the reasons for the rise of charitable foundations in the early twentieth Century in the United States. The rapid growth of the American economy at the end of the.19 century created a group of millionaires. They had the financial resources to set up charitable foundations, encouraged gifts in American culture and religion, and condemned greed tradition as these millionaires. The internal driving force of the charity foundation, the political situation at that time, especially the "progressives" and "the whistle blows" movement, and the rising of the International Workers' movement were the driving forces of the millionaires to establish a charity foundation. The combination of these factors gave birth to the modern kindness foundation of the United States. It is an important actor in American society and politics.
The fourth chapter of the philanthropic foundation, with the internal affairs of the United States, analyzes a large number of cultural, educational, health and scientific research projects funded by the foundation, pointing out that the foundation's contributions make up for the government's lack of investment in these areas and contribute to the progress of American culture and technology. The foundation also grants racial research and civil rights movement to promote the government. The achievements of the social science research funded by the foundation provided the theoretical reference and guidance for the government to formulate policies.
The fifth chapter, the charitable foundation and the United States diplomacy, analyzes the relationship between the overseas behavior of the charitable foundation and the foreign policy of the United States. The foundation actively promotes the spread of American culture in the world, uses cultural exchanges and subsidized developing countries' higher education to cultivate pro american people, to consolidate American hegemonic status and to become American diplomacy. The "silent partner" of the policy.
The sixth chapter, the charitable foundation and the US government, studies the relationship between the foundation and the government. Although the foundation is a non-governmental, non profit, independent and functioning civil institution, there are countless ties with the government in the actual operation. The philanthropic foundation and the United States government have both interaction and conflict. The foundation and its financial support Some thought libraries have also played a role in providing government reserves and providing talent. The foundation serves the general policy of the United States on the whole, but they are not a compliment at home. Both leftist and rightist conservatives question their behavior and eyes and have triggered a fund in Congress. The survey, which led to the reform of tax law in the United States, also regulated the behavior of foundations.
The seventh chapter concludes the full text, pointing out that the modern charity foundation is a special kind of social intermediary organization in the United States, which plays the role of redistribution of surplus wealth, and draws the conclusion that, fundamentally, the foundation represents and maintains the interests of a few fine Britain in American society. These social elites are the current system of the United States. Therefore, the foundation has become one of the pillars of the current capitalist system in the United States.
【學位授予單位】：中國社會科學院研究生院
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2003
【分類號】：D771.2

【引證文獻】

相關期刊論文 前2條

1 巨永明;馮曉娟;;國內(nèi)學界關于美國基金會研究述評[J];滄桑;2007年04期

2 胡燕平;林克顯;;NGO:中國農(nóng)村成人教育的助力——來自NGO特性分析與經(jīng)驗研究的結果[J];繼續(xù)教育研究;2010年11期

相關博士學位論文 前2條

1 呂旭峰;我國教育捐贈問題研究[D];河南大學;2011年

2 王輝;慈善捐贈、政府支出與經(jīng)濟增長[D];遼寧大學;2011年

相關碩士學位論文 前10條

1 付姍姍;論美國慈善基金會的發(fā)展及其對中國的啟示[D];華東師范大學;2011年

2 王偉玲;洛克菲勒基金會研究[D];南京師范大學;2011年

3 吳艷君;國際慈善立法比較研究[D];中國社會科學院研究生院;2011年

4 楊航;美國基金會在應對氣候變化國際合作中的作用[D];青島大學;2011年

5 王顯梅;私人基金會對美國高等教育的影響研究[D];四川師范大學;2011年

6 蒙有華;民間組織對美國高等教育的影響[D];西南大學;2007年

7 李珊珊;慈善捐贈法律關系研究[D];武漢理工大學;2007年

8 李娟;福特基金會研究[D];山東師范大學;2008年

9 劉喻;美國私人基金會捐贈高等教育的研究[D];華中師范大學;2008年

10 趙麗麗;美國高校教育捐贈研究[D];河北大學;2007年

本文編號：2111104