本文選題：美國 + AFDC政策��； 參考：《山東師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：撫養(yǎng)未成年兒童家庭援助(Aid to Families with Dependent Children)簡稱AFDC,由美國衛(wèi)生及公共服務(wù)部管理。該政策的發(fā)展從一個(gè)側(cè)面反映了美國家庭福利制度的歷史發(fā)展進(jìn)程。從1935年F·羅斯�？偨y(tǒng)提出社會保障制度起,到1996年克林頓政府家庭福利改革時(shí)廢止,在AFDC存在的60多年里,經(jīng)歷了產(chǎn)生、完善、批判、廢止的四個(gè)階段。 全文共分四部分: 第一部分是序言部分,主要講述了國內(nèi)外對AFDC的研究現(xiàn)狀,國內(nèi)外研究AFDC的專注不多,所以筆者主要介紹了與之相關(guān)的美國社會保障方面的研究成果。 第二部分講述了AFDC政策產(chǎn)生的背景。從國內(nèi)背景和國際背景兩方面進(jìn)行分析。國內(nèi)背景主要從工業(yè)化和貧困問題的加劇以及20世紀(jì)30年代經(jīng)濟(jì)大危機(jī)對美國的沖擊,造成失業(yè)人口劇增,亟需社會保障政策的出爐;時(shí)任總統(tǒng)夫人的埃莉諾·羅斯福對婦女兒童問題的重視,客觀上也促進(jìn)了ADC政策的出臺。國際背景主要從20世紀(jì)30年代經(jīng)濟(jì)大危機(jī)和二戰(zhàn)的爆發(fā)有力的促進(jìn)了各國社會保障制度的建立和完善,緊接著20世紀(jì)50～60年代強(qiáng)勁的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長為各國社會保障制度的制定提供了強(qiáng)有力的經(jīng)濟(jì)后盾,以及隨后在20世紀(jì)70年代爆發(fā)的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī),促使各國進(jìn)行福利制度的改革三個(gè)方面加以論述。 在國內(nèi)外背景的綜合影響下,促成了美國AFDC政策的出臺并不斷發(fā)展演變。 第三部分講述AFDC政策的發(fā)展演變。AFDC由ADC政策發(fā)展演變而來,20世紀(jì)50-70年代呈現(xiàn)逐步擴(kuò)大的趨勢,70-80年代呈現(xiàn)逐步縮減的趨勢,總是隨著社會發(fā)展的需要不斷變革著,到了90年代,對AFDC的批判聲越來越猛烈,改革似乎很難從根本上解決婦女兒童的貧困問題,亟需新的政策取而代之,于是就有了克林頓政府的家庭福利變革,出臺了新的政策——TANF,逐漸取代了存在了六十余年的AFDC政策。 第四部分主要是通過學(xué)術(shù)界及美國社會對AFDC的消極評價(jià)的介紹,分析造成這種現(xiàn)象的原因,借此闡明筆者的觀點(diǎn):AFDC并不像人們想象的那樣糟糕,之所以會這樣,是因?yàn)槿藗儗FDC有了太多的假定,AFDC在其存在的六十年,對美國婦女和兒童的幫助,對人們重拾生活的信心以及對美國家庭福利的發(fā)展等多個(gè)方面都做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。 筆者期望通過對微觀政策的研究,喚起人們對弱勢群體的關(guān)注,呼吁政府出臺更切合實(shí)際、更能滿足人們需要的政策。也希望通過了解美國政府對婦女兒童的政策,期望對中國現(xiàn)存的一些社會問題,留守兒童、婦女福利等問題有所啟迪。
[Abstract]:Family Aid to families with dependent Child support, or AFDC, is administered by the United States Department of Health and Human Services. The development of this policy reflects the historical development of American family welfare system. From the time President F. Roosevelt put forward the social security system in 1935 to the abolition of the Clinton administration family welfare reform in 1996, in the more than 60 years of AFDC's existence, it has been produced, perfected and criticized. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part is the preface, which mainly describes the research status of AFDC at home and abroad, and the focus of AFDC research at home and abroad is not much. The second part describes the background of AFDC policy. From the domestic and international background analysis of two aspects. The domestic background is mainly from the aggravation of industrialization and poverty and the impact of the economic crisis on the United States in the 1930s, resulting in a sharp increase in the number of unemployed people, and the urgent need for social security policies. Eleanor Roosevelt's emphasis on women and children objectively contributed to ADC policy. International background mainly from the 1930s economic crisis and the outbreak of World War II to promote the establishment and improvement of the social security system. The strong economic growth of the 1950s and 1960s provided a strong economic backing for the development of social security systems in various countries, and the economic crisis that broke out in the 1970s, Three aspects of the reform of welfare system are discussed. Under the combined influence of domestic and foreign background, The third part describes the development and evolution of AFDC policy. The third part describes the evolution of AFDC policy. Always changing with the needs of social development, in the 1990s, the criticism of AFDC became more and more fierce, the reform seemed to be difficult to fundamentally solve the poverty of women and children, and needed to be replaced by new policies. As a result, there was a change in family welfare in the Clinton administration, and a new policy, TANF was introduced, gradually replacing the AFDC policy that had existed for more than 60 years. The fourth part was mainly through the introduction of the negative evaluation of AFDC by academia and American society. By analyzing the causes of this phenomenon, I would like to clarify the author's view that: AFDC is not as bad as people think, it is because people have too many assumptions about AFDC in its sixty years of existence. The help to American women and children, to people to regain the confidence of life and to the development of American family welfare have made great contributions. I hope to arouse people's attention to the vulnerable groups through the research of micro-policy. Call on the government to put in place policies that are more realistic and more responsive to people's needs. It is also hoped that through understanding the US government's policy on women and children, it hopes to enlighten some of China's existing social problems, left-behind children, and women's welfare.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D771.2

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 呂洪艷;美國女性單親家庭福利史研究（1935-1996）[D];東北師范大學(xué);2011年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 李r圅，

本文編號：2004455