本文選題：歐盟 + 俄羅斯　； 參考：《南京大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文探討的是冷戰(zhàn)之后歐盟對(duì)俄羅斯認(rèn)知的變化以及歐俄在安全領(lǐng)域從拒斥到合作的過(guò)程,有兩個(gè)主要因素影響著歐洲對(duì)俄羅斯的認(rèn)知,就是歐洲早已形成的對(duì)俄羅斯的恐懼之心和現(xiàn)實(shí)歐洲安全對(duì)俄羅斯的需要。認(rèn)真分歐盟與俄羅斯在安全領(lǐng)域的合作進(jìn)展,不難發(fā)現(xiàn),一方面,歐洲長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)形成的對(duì)于“異族”——俄羅斯的恐懼之心牽制著歐盟和俄羅斯的合作形勢(shì)；另一方面,歐盟試圖建立新型的歐洲安全機(jī)制的需要,俄羅斯在傳統(tǒng)和非傳統(tǒng)軍事力量的強(qiáng)大和逐漸發(fā)展,是歐盟發(fā)展安全機(jī)制的強(qiáng)有力的助手。這兩個(gè)方面因素一直在影響著歐盟對(duì)俄羅斯的認(rèn)知,兩個(gè)因素的較力使得歐盟對(duì)俄羅斯的合作呈現(xiàn)出漸變的狀態(tài)。這篇文章就以這兩個(gè)因素的此消彼長(zhǎng)為立足點(diǎn),來(lái)分析歐盟對(duì)俄羅斯的認(rèn)知的變化。歐盟在恐懼與需要中糾結(jié),但是隨著現(xiàn)實(shí)需要的迫不得已,歐盟漸漸對(duì)俄羅斯展開(kāi)了雙臂,但是同時(shí)雙方也都清楚,歐盟對(duì)于俄羅斯還是有所保留的。歐盟對(duì)俄羅斯的認(rèn)知伴隨著雙方在安全的等方面的合作,也慢慢發(fā)生著改變,俄羅斯從防范的“異類(lèi)”,逐漸變成“借力”的好街坊,更又進(jìn)一步成為需要與之進(jìn)行“有限合作”的好伙伴。那么在將來(lái)的時(shí)間里,歐盟對(duì)于俄羅斯的認(rèn)知會(huì)不會(huì)走向“優(yōu)先合作”的伙伴,就要看歐洲對(duì)俄羅斯“異化”的恐懼與防范是不是能抵過(guò)歐盟強(qiáng)大自己的現(xiàn)實(shí)需要了。 本文主要分三個(gè)階段來(lái)分析探討：1991-2000年這段期間,由于冷戰(zhàn)的剛剛結(jié)束,冷戰(zhàn)的陰影還不能在歐盟成員國(guó)家散去,俄羅斯作為蘇聯(lián)的繼承者,還是有著諸多讓歐盟擔(dān)心和疑慮的因素存在。這一時(shí)期歐盟尚未全面考慮建構(gòu)新型歐洲安全機(jī)制,而且由于以美國(guó)為首的北約在這一階段基本完全控制和影響著歐盟對(duì)俄羅斯的認(rèn)知,使之將俄羅斯看成一個(gè)局外人。在這一階段雖然歐盟軍事力量和建構(gòu)安全機(jī)制方面還有很多欠缺,而這恰恰是俄羅斯的強(qiáng)項(xiàng),但是現(xiàn)實(shí)的需要抵不過(guò)長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)形成的心理“陰影”。歐盟把俄羅斯放在了歐洲邊緣化的位置,排斥與俄羅斯的合作。 第二個(gè)階段是2001—2004年間,在這一個(gè)階段9·11恐怖事件讓歐盟認(rèn)識(shí)到歐洲的安全不能沒(méi)有俄羅斯的幫助,特別是伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)讓歐盟漸漸從美國(guó)的懷抱中疏離,從而開(kāi)始考量俄羅斯在歐洲安全機(jī)制中的位置,但是畢竟第一步是最難邁開(kāi)的。合作雖然開(kāi)始,但是歐盟的內(nèi)心對(duì)于俄羅斯并沒(méi)有完全放棄對(duì)俄羅斯的防范：俄羅斯會(huì)不會(huì)想要再控制歐洲的安全,歷史會(huì)不會(huì)重演,這些都還沒(méi)有定論�？墒乾F(xiàn)實(shí)的狀況又不允許歐盟繼續(xù)排斥俄羅斯。因此,歐盟在諸種糾結(jié)中選擇了一條折中的道路。借俄羅斯的“東風(fēng)之力”以建構(gòu)歐洲的安全機(jī)制,這樣歐盟不但可以放心地發(fā)展自己的安全建構(gòu),而且不用擔(dān)心俄羅斯會(huì)過(guò)多參與歐洲的安全事務(wù)�！皫褪帧币辉~可以很好的概括歐盟這一階段對(duì)俄羅斯的認(rèn)知。 第三個(gè)階段即2005—2010年,這個(gè)時(shí)期歐盟開(kāi)始了與俄羅斯的“有限合作”。歐盟東擴(kuò),使得歐洲的安全形勢(shì)更加復(fù)雜化。面對(duì)更加復(fù)雜化的歐洲安全形勢(shì),歐盟自知實(shí)力不足,于是自然而然地把目光投向了俄羅斯,加深與俄羅斯在安全領(lǐng)域的合作已經(jīng)是“箭在弦上不得不發(fā)”,一攬子計(jì)劃順利出爐。而此時(shí)的俄羅斯對(duì)與歐盟的擴(kuò)大雖然也是頗有微詞,但俄羅斯在歐盟諸多“西化”措施下內(nèi)部發(fā)生了歐盟期望中的變化,軍事力量等安全領(lǐng)域的實(shí)力都在上升,而且,俄羅斯對(duì)擴(kuò)大到家門(mén)口的歐盟并沒(méi)有采取“敵對(duì)”的態(tài)度。這樣,歐盟對(duì)俄羅斯的認(rèn)知已經(jīng)從“幫手”發(fā)展向了“合作伙伴”。雖然這一階段歐盟和俄羅斯的合作還是“有限”的,但是顯然現(xiàn)實(shí)的需要已經(jīng)占據(jù)了歐盟考量俄羅斯的關(guān)鍵因素。 以后歐盟對(duì)俄羅斯的認(rèn)知還會(huì)不會(huì)發(fā)生新的改變,只能用事實(shí)來(lái)說(shuō)話。但是可以肯定的是,歐盟和俄羅斯的合作會(huì)在各個(gè)方面深入下去,這是歷史的大勢(shì)所趨,也是歐盟面對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)必須的選擇。
[Abstract]:This article discusses the changes in the European Union's cognition to Russia after the cold war and the process of rejecting the EU and Russia in the field of security. There are two main factors affecting the European understanding of Russia. It is the fear of Russia and the needs of the European security for Russia. On the other hand, the European Union's desire to establish a new European security mechanism, on the other hand, is strong in the traditional and non-traditional military forces, on the other hand, the European Union is trying to establish a new European security mechanism. The gradual development is a powerful assistant to the EU's development security mechanism. These two factors have been affecting the EU's perception of Russia. The two factors have made the EU's cooperation with Russia gradually changing. This article is based on these two factors to analyze the EU to Russia. Changes in cognition. The EU is entangled in fear and needs, but with the need of reality, the European Union has gradually opened its arms to Russia, but both sides also know that the EU is still reserved for Russia. In the future, the European Union's fear of "alienation" of Russia and the fear of Russia 's "alienation" will be seen. Is prevention against the EU's strong practical needs?
This article is mainly divided into three stages: during the period of 1991-2000 years, the cold war's shadow has not been scattered in the EU member countries because of the cold war. Russia, as the successor of the Soviet Union, still has many factors that let the European Union worry and doubt. The whole mechanism, and since NATO, led by the United States, basically completely controls and affects the EU's perception of Russia at this stage, so that Russia sees Russia as an outsider. At this stage there is still a lot of shortage in the EU's military forces and the construction of security mechanisms, which is precisely the strength of Russia, but the need for reality. The EU has placed Russia in the marginalized position of Europe and rejected cooperation with Russia.
The second stage was between 2001 and 2004, at which the 9 11 terrorist incident made the European Union realize that the security of Europe could not be helped by Russia, especially the Iraq war that gradually alienated the European Union from the embrace of the United States, and began to consider Russia's position in the European security machine system, but the first step was the most difficult to take. The European Union has not completely abandoned Russia's guard against Russia: will Russia want to recontrol Europe's security, and the history will not repeat it, but the reality does not allow the EU to continue to repel Russia. A compromise road. By using the Russian "east wind force" to build a European security mechanism, the EU can not only safely develop its own security construction, but also don't worry that Russia will be too much involved in European security affairs. The word "helper" can well cover the European Union's understanding of Russia at this stage.
In the third stage, from 2005 to 2010, the European Union began its "limited cooperation" with Russia. The EU enlargement has made the European security situation more complicated. Facing the more complex European security situation, the European Union is inadequately aware of its strength, so it naturally threw light on Russia and deepened its security collar with Russia. The cooperation of the region has been "forced to send" and the package plan goes out smoothly. At this time, Russia has a little word on the expansion of the European Union, but Russia has changed the European Union's expectations in the EU under many "Westernization" measures, and the strength of the military power and other security fields is rising, and Russian Luo. The EU has not taken a "hostile" attitude towards the expansion of the door to the European Union. Thus, the EU's understanding of Russia has developed from "helper" to "partner". Although the EU and Russia are "limited" at this stage, it is clear that the real needs have occupied the key cause of the European Union's consideration of Russia. Prime.
In the future, there will be no new changes in the EU's perception of Russia, only to speak with facts. But it is certain that the EU's cooperation with Russia will go deep in all aspects, which is the trend of history and the choice of the EU in the face of reality.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D751.2

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