本文選題：歐盟 + 移民政治　； 參考：《華東師范大學(xué)》2007年博士論文

【摘要】： 本論文是關(guān)于歐盟移民政治的理論與實(shí)踐的探討。本文的主題是以經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化為背景，主要從政治角度對歐盟一體化框架內(nèi)的移民現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行研究。移民作為一種現(xiàn)象自古有之，但從沒有像現(xiàn)在一樣成為一個(gè)全球性的問題。移民既是全球化的原因，又是全球化的后果之一，隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的加速推進(jìn)，人類正在迎來移民全球化的時(shí)代。移民問題之所以是全球問題，關(guān)鍵在于當(dāng)今開放的時(shí)代，移民規(guī)模的龐大性和流動方式的跨國性，其影響已經(jīng)超出了國家的界限和民族的藩籬，一躍成為事關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、文化和安全的首要問題。本文的創(chuàng)新之處有以下幾個(gè)方面： 一、對移民問題的本質(zhì)的認(rèn)識。歐盟移民問題發(fā)生在全球化背景下，是全球化所帶來的“勞動和權(quán)力的再分配”的必然結(jié)果。勞動再分配表現(xiàn)為人力資源因全球產(chǎn)業(yè)的梯度分布而出現(xiàn)逆向流動(歐盟向外擴(kuò)張，勞動力向內(nèi)流動)，移民的出現(xiàn)恰恰是勞動再分配的載體。移民問題本質(zhì)上已經(jīng)成了一個(gè)政治問題，并正在從國內(nèi)政治延伸到了國際政治和地緣政治領(lǐng)域。移民政治的核心是移民政策。 權(quán)力的再分配表現(xiàn)為移民治理的主權(quán)之爭。歐盟出現(xiàn)了移民治理結(jié)構(gòu)的“歐洲化”趨勢，即歐盟通過與民族國家的權(quán)力博弈最終發(fā)揮多邊機(jī)制的作用。民族國家在這種背景下面臨兩種挑戰(zhàn)：歐盟這種超國家機(jī)構(gòu)從主權(quán)國家壟斷中不斷提升移民問題高度，形成強(qiáng)大的縱向“拉力”，移民對主權(quán)國家團(tuán)結(jié)形成“扯力”。盡管如此，目前看來歐盟各成員國在移民問題上仍然暫時(shí)掌握著“實(shí)權(quán)”。歐盟圍繞勞動和權(quán)力的再分配而展開的內(nèi)政外交表現(xiàn)為如何通過“內(nèi)部全球化”實(shí)現(xiàn)繁榮和團(tuán)結(jié)，以及如何通過“外部全球化”的聯(lián)合自強(qiáng)強(qiáng)調(diào)歐洲在全球事務(wù)的責(zé)任，重新恢復(fù)其歐洲中心主義的地位。歐盟在移民問題上的權(quán)威盡管還比較軟弱，但是移民治理的歐洲化趨勢不可逆轉(zhuǎn)。 移民的政治權(quán)利表現(xiàn)為以勞動權(quán)為核心的就業(yè)、福利、定居等與之切身利益相關(guān)的物質(zhì)權(quán)利和以公民權(quán)為核心的認(rèn)同、融合與政治參與機(jī)會的再分配權(quán)利。 二、從分析視角看，本論文以全球化為背景，將移民問題從社會學(xué)領(lǐng)域納入到政治學(xué)領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行研究，從國內(nèi)政治、國際政治、全球治理和認(rèn)同政治角度綜合運(yùn)用多學(xué)科研究方法優(yōu)勢在研究范式方面進(jìn)行了有益的嘗試。本文立足于歐盟成員國、歐盟和其他地區(qū)圍繞移民問題展開的地緣政治博弈，將移民來源國—移民中轉(zhuǎn)國—移民輸入國統(tǒng)一納入到歐盟移民治理研究范圍內(nèi)，拓寬了研究視野，增強(qiáng)了研究力度。 三、從歐盟移民問題的走向看，移民問題已經(jīng)由歐盟的“第三支柱”上升為“第一支柱”，如果解決不好，可能造成如下后果：(1)引發(fā)移民危機(jī)，由移民危機(jī)引發(fā)社會危機(jī)和政治危機(jī)，由一國危機(jī)引發(fā)地區(qū)危機(jī)；(2)造成民族國家雙邊關(guān)系、多邊關(guān)系緊張，以及民族國家與歐盟機(jī)制的脫節(jié)；(3)導(dǎo)致新入盟國家(東歐)與老成員國(西歐)之間在責(zé)任分擔(dān)、移民安置責(zé)任上的爭吵(如新入盟國家往往是貧窮落后地區(qū)，入盟后隨著邊界的開放導(dǎo)致大量新入盟成員國公民大批涌入歐盟各國，從而給移入國造成各種負(fù)擔(dān)不對稱現(xiàn)象，從而延緩了歐盟整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展步伐和一體化質(zhì)量)；(4)移民的文化背景、種族膚色和受教育水平、經(jīng)濟(jì)收入如果與移居國反差太大，移民融合和認(rèn)同出現(xiàn)問題，就會造成種族歧視、民族沖突、社會犯罪，嚴(yán)重時(shí)導(dǎo)致恐怖災(zāi)難；(5)對地緣政治格局產(chǎn)生較大影響。由于移民流動與歐盟東擴(kuò)南下進(jìn)程相向而行，破壞了歐盟大國關(guān)系和跨大西洋關(guān)系的原有格局，更易造成其他非歐盟大國插手，從而影響到歐盟的團(tuán)結(jié)和一體化的決策效力。未來有可能出現(xiàn)移民社群逐漸削弱民族種族，多元文化在融合中形成核心文化，多邊一體的國際機(jī)制取代單邊個(gè)體的國家治理的新的政治生態(tài)，由相互矛盾的多重認(rèn)同走向“一體多元”的新歐盟道路，其前提是歐盟各成員國及歐盟自身治理理念和模式的轉(zhuǎn)型。 四、從歐盟移民問題的治理策略看，移民問題的解決，首先需要建立長效機(jī)制，實(shí)行歐盟跨國機(jī)制下共同的移民政策。東道國政府自身在加大移民政策改革，規(guī)范移民流動順序，強(qiáng)化邊界治理的同時(shí)，需要由歐盟通過協(xié)調(diào)各成員國政府制定一致遵守的通行的移民政策，按統(tǒng)一的移民標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行移民準(zhǔn)遷，在打擊移民走私、反對種族歧視和排外傾向、制定移民收容制度和提供財(cái)政支持方面通力合作，這樣才能標(biāo)本兼治。其次，歐盟應(yīng)當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)變內(nèi)外有別的移民管理模式，變消極移民管理為積極的移民治理，發(fā)揮超國家機(jī)制、非政府組織和公民社會的應(yīng)有作用，推進(jìn)邊界開放，保障移民合法權(quán)利，加強(qiáng)有序管理；再次，東道國應(yīng)與原籍國和中轉(zhuǎn)國通過協(xié)調(diào)和對話，通過對外援助扭轉(zhuǎn)亞非國家因經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治和社會落后誘發(fā)的移民外流趨勢。最后，變消極的移民融合為積極的移民融合，促進(jìn)多元共享，在經(jīng)濟(jì)、福利和就業(yè)上扶持少數(shù)族群，在政治上給予其平等待遇，在社會上促進(jìn)語言文化教育事業(yè)，積極化解族群矛盾。 本論文正文共分六章，加上導(dǎo)言和結(jié)論共有八個(gè)部分。在導(dǎo)言中，主要闡述了選題的研究背景、概念界定和研究思路。 第一章，圍繞移民問題的歐洲特性，介紹了歐洲移民的歷史變遷和類型特點(diǎn)，以及移民在歐盟發(fā)展中的地位和作用。 第二章，闡述了歐盟實(shí)行共同移民政策的必要性，歐盟移民政策的發(fā)展過程和主要內(nèi)容框架。 第三章，分析探討了歐盟圍繞移民問題所開展的地緣政治外交——睦鄰?fù)饨�、歐盟與移民輸出國關(guān)系、歐盟各成員國間關(guān)系及歐美關(guān)系。 第四章，探討了歐盟移民政治中的動力機(jī)制，重點(diǎn)分析了移民問題對歐盟政壇政黨政治中的“鐘擺現(xiàn)象”所產(chǎn)生的影響，及歐盟和主權(quán)國家在移民問題上的權(quán)力博弈過程。 第五章，以移民問題歐洲化為背景，分析了在超國家治理中歐盟、民族國家、移民和非國家行為體以及公民社會政治參與的現(xiàn)狀及所處的地位和作用。 第六章，以德國為案例，分析了在共同的移民政策背景下歐盟主權(quán)國家移民治理的歷史現(xiàn)狀和普遍施行的移民政策。 最后，在結(jié)語中，本文指出，從本質(zhì)上講，歐盟移民所出現(xiàn)的問題都是認(rèn)同問題，歐盟在發(fā)展中所遇到的所有問題也都可以歸結(jié)到認(rèn)同問題。要實(shí)現(xiàn)歐盟政治的高度同質(zhì)性，同時(shí)又能兼容多元性，根本的問題是如何解決歐盟公民與外來移民、歐盟民眾與國家、歐盟民眾與歐盟以及歐盟各成員國與歐盟的認(rèn)同關(guān)系。只有解決了認(rèn)同問題，，移民和歐盟民眾才能真正享受到公正、自由和安全，而歐盟基于認(rèn)同基礎(chǔ)上的未來發(fā)展呈現(xiàn)出“一體多元”趨勢。 總之，歐盟移民問題有其歐盟特性，極化的世界是造成歐盟及各成員國移民壓力的主要原因，通過全球治理的方式才能從根本上解決。當(dāng)今的歐盟正在經(jīng)歷從民族國家沖突、戰(zhàn)亂和脆弱狀態(tài)進(jìn)入合作、共生和聯(lián)合自強(qiáng)狀態(tài)的重要時(shí)期，隨著一體化進(jìn)程的推進(jìn)，移民問題將更加突出，從國內(nèi)矛盾上升為地區(qū)矛盾，從經(jīng)濟(jì)沖突和社會不諧上升為政治紛爭和安全隱患，一方面將改寫歐盟的政治地圖，另一方面將使“非傳統(tǒng)安全”具有了特殊地位。
[Abstract]:This paper is a study of the theory and practice of EU immigration politics. The theme of this article is to study the phenomenon of immigration in the framework of EU integration mainly from the political perspective. Immigration is a phenomenon since ancient times, but it has not become a global problem as it is now. Immigrant is both global and global. The cause of globalization is one of the consequences of globalization. With the acceleration of economic globalization, human beings are entering an era of immigrant globalization. The key to the problem of immigration is the global problem. The key lies in the era of opening, the large scale of immigration and the transnational nature of the mode of migration, which have exceeded the boundaries of the country and the nation. Barriers have become the most important issues related to economy, politics, culture and security. The innovations of this paper are as follows:
First, the understanding of the essence of the problem of immigration. The problem of EU immigration is the inevitable result of the "redistribution of labor and power" brought about by globalization in the context of globalization. The redistribution of labor is manifested in the reverse flow of human resources due to the gradient distribution of the global industry (expansion of the European Union, the inward flow of labor force), and the emigration. Now it is the carrier of labor redistribution. The issue of immigration has become a political problem in essence, and is extending from domestic politics to international politics and geopolitics. The core of immigration politics is immigration policy.
The redistribution of power shows the sovereignty dispute of immigrant governance. The European Union has appeared the "Europeanization" trend of the immigration governance structure. That is, the European Union plays the role of multilateral mechanism through the game with the power of the nation state. In this context, the national state faces two challenges: the EU, the super state institution, is not monopolized by the sovereign state. In spite of this, it seems that the European Union is still holding "real power" on the issue of immigration. The EU's internal and diplomatic performance around the redistribution of labor and power is how the EU has passed the "internal whole". To achieve prosperity and unity, and how to emphasize the responsibility of Europe in global affairs through the joint self strength of "external globalization" and to restore its European centralism, the EU's authority on immigration is weak, but the Europeanization trend of immigration governance is irreversible.
The political rights of the immigrants are manifested in the material rights related to the vital interests of employment, welfare, settlement, and the identity of the civil rights as the core, and the redistribution rights of the political participation and the opportunity of political participation.
Two, from the perspective of analysis, this paper takes globalization as the background to study the immigration issue from the field of sociology into the field of political science, and makes a beneficial attempt to make a comprehensive use of multidisciplinary research methods from the perspectives of domestic politics, international politics, global governance and identity politics. This paper is based on the members of the European Union. The geopolitical game in the country, the EU and other regions around the issue of immigration has widened the research vision and strengthened the research field by integrating the immigrants' country of migration - the importing country into the EU study of immigration governance.
Three, from the trend of EU immigration, the problem of immigration has risen from the "third pillar" of the EU to "the first pillar". If it is not well solved, it may result in the following consequences: (1) the immigrant crisis, the social crisis and the political crisis caused by the immigration crisis, the regional crisis caused by a country crisis; (2) the bilateral customs of the national state. System, tension of multilateral relations, and disconnection between national and European Union mechanism; (3) the quarrels between the new joining countries (Eastern Europe) and the old member countries (Western Europe) in the responsibility sharing, the resettlement responsibility of the immigrants (as the newly joined countries are often poor and backward areas, with the opening of the border, a large number of new members of the members of the new member countries rush into the country. " Entering the countries of the European Union, which will cause a variety of asymmetrical burdens on the immigrants, and thus postpone the whole pace of economic development and the quality of integration of the European Union. (4) the cultural background of the immigrants, the color of the race and the level of education, the economic income, if the difference is too big with the emigration, the integration of the migrants and the problems of identity, and the racial discrimination, the ethnic group. Conflict, social crime, and serious cause of the terrorist disaster; (5) it has a great impact on the geopolitical pattern. As the migration flows with the East and South process of the European Union, it destroys the original pattern of the EU's great power relations and cross the Atlantic relations, and is more likely to cause other non EU powers to intervene, thus affecting the unity and integration of the European Union. In the future, it is possible for the immigrant community to gradually weaken the Ethnic Race, the multiculturalism will form the core culture in the integration, and the multilateral one has replaced the new political ecology of the national governance of the unilateral individual, and the new EU road from the conflicting multiple identity to the "one in one" is the premise of the European Union members. The transformation of the governance concepts and models of the country and the EU itself.
Four, from the governance strategy of the immigration problem of the EU, the settlement of the immigration problem requires the establishment of a long-term mechanism and a common immigration policy under the EU transnational mechanism. The host government itself needs to strengthen the immigration policy reform, standardize the immigration flow sequence and strengthen the border governance, while the EU needs to be formulated by the EU by coordinating the governments of the member states. Consistent immigration policy, immigrating in accordance with unified immigration standards, combating immigrant smuggling, opposing racism and exclusivity, formulating the immigration system and providing financial support, can work together to cure. Secondly, the EU should change the internal and external model of immigration management to change negative immigration. Management is a positive immigrant governance, play the role of the super state mechanism, non-governmental organizations and civil society, promote the opening of the border, guarantee the legitimate rights of immigrants, and strengthen orderly management. Thirdly, the host country should coordinate and dialogue with the countries of origin and the transit countries, and reverse the economic, political and social lure of Asian and African countries through foreign aid. In the end, negative immigrants integrate into active integration of immigrants, promote multiple sharing, support ethnic minorities in the economy, welfare and employment, give them equal treatment in politics, promote language and culture education in society, and actively resolve ethnic conflicts.
The main body of this thesis is divided into six chapters, plus the introduction and conclusion, which consist of eight parts. In the introduction, the research background, concept definition and research train of thought are mainly elaborated.
The first chapter, based on the European characteristics of immigration, introduces the historical changes and types of European immigrants, as well as the status and role of immigrants in the development of the European Union.
The second chapter expounds the necessity of EU's common immigration policy, the development process and main content framework of EU immigration policy.
The third chapter analyzes the geopolitical diplomacy carried out by the EU on the issue of immigration, the good neighbourly diplomacy, the relationship between the EU and the immigrant exporting countries, the relations among the European Union members and the relationship between Europe and the United States.
In the fourth chapter, the dynamic mechanism of EU immigration politics is discussed, and the influence of immigration on the "pendulum phenomenon" in the political party politics of the European Union is emphatically analyzed, and the game of power game between the EU and the sovereign countries on the issue of immigration.
The fifth chapter, taking the Europeanization of immigration issues as the background, analyzes the status and role of EU, national, immigration and non state actors as well as the political participation of civil society in super state governance.
The sixth chapter, taking Germany as a case, analyzes the historical status quo and the general immigration policy of EU sovereign states in the context of common immigration policy.
Finally, in the conclusion, this article points out that, in essence, the problems arising from the European Union emigration are all identification problems, and all the problems encountered in the development of the EU can also be attributed to the identity problem. To realize the high homogeneity of EU politics and the compatibility of pluralism, the fundamental problem is how to solve the European Union and the immigrants. The relationship between the European Union and the state, the European Union and the European Union and the European Union, as well as the European Union and the European Union. Only by solving the problem of identity, can the immigrants and the European Union people truly enjoy justice, freedom and security, and the EU's future development on the basis of identification shows a "one pluralism" trend.
In a word, the EU immigration issue has its European Union characteristics. The polarization of the world is the main cause of the pressure of emigration in the EU and its member countries. It can be fundamentally solved through the way of global governance. With the advancement of the integration process, the immigration problem will be more prominent, from the internal contradictions to regional contradictions, from the economic conflict and social Unharmonic rise to political disputes and security risks. On the one hand, the political map of the European Union will be rewritten, on the other hand, the "non traditional security" will have a special position.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：D523.8

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 尹志國;陳權(quán);荊海濤;;從全球化角度解讀歐洲移民問題[J];學(xué)術(shù)探索;2012年07期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 朱秀杰;轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期的俄羅斯移民政策研究[D];吉林大學(xué);2011年

2 文峰;歐盟非法移民治理研究[D];暨南大學(xué);2010年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 劉芳;歐盟移民政策一體化研究[D];華東師范大學(xué);2011年

2 趙勝軍;民族主義和歐洲一體化關(guān)系的過程性考察[D];西北師范大學(xué);2011年

本文編號：1817613