發(fā)布時間：2018-04-06 06:32

  本文選題：美國公共利益集團　切入點：民主政治　出處：《外交學院》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 美國公共利益集團作為美國社會一種極為獨特的社會現(xiàn)象,在美國發(fā)揮著日益重要的作用。公共利益集團引起了政治學家的興趣,對于他們的討論也一直充斥著各種不同的聲音。 所謂公共利益集團,是指那些由于共同的道德信仰所激勵,為了謀求社會大眾的利益,致力于參與政府決策,影響政府行為的組織。公共利益集團不同與美國其他利益集團的重要特征是他們追求目標的道德高尚性和代表利益的廣泛性。公共利益集團的產(chǎn)生與發(fā)展都離不開美國的民主政治。正是由于美國憲法第一修正案的保護,公共利益集團的存在便有了憲法基礎。美國政府是實行三權分立,擁有有限權力的聯(lián)邦制政府。這種縱橫交錯的劃分使得任何單一政策的制定都分配到極小的政府權力源中,這也為公共利益集團的政治參與活動創(chuàng)造了廣闊的空間和絕佳的機會。美國公共利益集團利用他們自身的優(yōu)勢,積極把握民主政治所帶來的便益,充分利用各種資源,展開游說活動,從而參與政府決策,以傳遞廣大民眾的關切。 美國的民主政治因為公共利益集團的積極參與而呈現(xiàn)出明顯的改善。大眾的政治覺悟提高,美國政府內(nèi)部政治決策不再局限于以往行政部門,立法機構及利益集團構成的“鐵三角”,而是形成了個人,團體都可以充分參與并施加影響的政策決策機構。 公共利益集團與美國的民主政治相互依賴,相互促進。不過美中不足的是,都有改進的空間。公共利益集團的積極參與可以推進美國的民主政治,但是由于眾多利益集團肯定存在利益的差異,甚至沖突。這樣各個利益集團相互競爭,最終不可避免地造成政治資源的損耗,減慢政府決策時間。而且很多公共利益集團內(nèi)部決策過程缺乏民主,使得民意表達受到限制,引起公眾對他們代表公共利益的質(zhì)疑。美國國內(nèi)稅收法典的一些規(guī)定也在一定程度上限制了公共利益集團的政治參與活動。
[Abstract]:As a unique social phenomenon, American public interest group plays an increasingly important role in American society.Public interest groups have attracted the interest of political scientists, and discussions about them have been rife with different voices.The so-called public interest group refers to those organizations which are motivated by the common moral belief and are committed to participate in government decision-making and influence government behavior in order to seek the interests of the public.Different from other American interest groups, public interest groups are characterized by their pursuit of moral nobility and broad representation of interests.The emergence and development of public interest groups are inseparable from the democratic politics of the United States.Because of the protection of the first Amendment, the existence of public interest groups has a constitutional basis.The United States government is a federal government with limited powers and a separation of powers.This kind of crisscross division makes any single policy to be allocated to the extremely small government power source, which also creates the broad space and the excellent opportunity for the public interest group's political participation.Public interest groups in the United States take advantage of their own advantages, actively grasp the benefits brought about by democratic politics, make full use of all kinds of resources, carry out lobbying activities, and thus participate in government decisions in order to convey the concerns of the general public.Democracy in the United States has improved markedly because of the active participation of public interest groups.The political consciousness of the public has increased, and the internal political decisions of the US government are no longer confined to the "iron triangle" of the executive branch, legislature and interest groups in the past. Rather, they have formed an individual.Groups can fully participate in and exert influence on policy-making bodies.Public interest groups and American democracy are interdependent and mutually reinforcing.However, there is room for improvement.The active participation of public interest groups can promote democratic politics in the United States, but there must be differences of interests and even conflicts among many interest groups.The competition between different interest groups will inevitably lead to the loss of political resources and slow down the government's decision-making time.Moreover, the lack of democracy in the decision-making process of many public interest groups limits the expression of public opinion and raises public doubts about their representation of the public interest.Some provisions of the US Internal tax Code also restrict the political participation of public interest groups to some extent.
【學位授予單位】：外交學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：D771.2

【引證文獻】

相關期刊論文 前1條

1 羅自剛;;西方國家民意表達的社會化機制研究[J];太平洋學報;2011年02期

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本文編號：1718412