本文選題：民族主義　切入點(diǎn)：自由主義　出處：《武漢大學(xué)》2010年博士論文

【摘要】：民族主義是學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域一個(gè)具有開(kāi)放性并極富爭(zhēng)議的命題。不僅不存在一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的關(guān)于民族主義的理論,更沒(méi)有以學(xué)術(shù)傳統(tǒng)為依據(jù)的民族主義學(xué)流派。盡管民族主義本身歧異叢生,但民族主義的核心觀念仍是明確的。本文試圖從民族與國(guó)家這兩個(gè)民族主義的基本構(gòu)成要素出發(fā),對(duì)民族主義與憲政之間的關(guān)聯(lián)進(jìn)行梳理。本文認(rèn)為,作為一項(xiàng)政治學(xué)理論,民族主義學(xué)說(shuō)在一定程度上反映了憲政的歷史與現(xiàn)狀；作為一種文化樣態(tài),民族主義是憲政制度的文化基礎(chǔ)之一；作為一支重要的政治力量,民族主義更參與了憲政形成與發(fā)展的全過(guò)程。全文通過(guò)四章論證上述主題： 第一章,從民族主義概念入手,闡明民族主義復(fù)雜的理論層面,并針對(duì)民族主義運(yùn)動(dòng)所極易呈現(xiàn)的極端表現(xiàn)進(jìn)行分析。在此基礎(chǔ)上,本文對(duì)民族主義采取了一種偏向現(xiàn)代主義的理解模式,將近代民族的形成與民族國(guó)家的興起視為民族主義的起點(diǎn)。由此,民族主義為我們提供的“用以應(yīng)對(duì)和處理國(guó)家權(quán)力的合法性、政府和社會(huì)以及個(gè)人之間關(guān)系”的思維方式和制度設(shè)計(jì)思路都將對(duì)憲政的建立與發(fā)展產(chǎn)生影響。 第二章,以民族國(guó)家歷史演進(jìn)以及民族主義觀念變化為視角,認(rèn)為在社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)變遷下誕生的民族主義是近代西歐民族國(guó)家建構(gòu)的根本動(dòng)力,也是憲政賴以生長(zhǎng)的歷史前提；民族國(guó)家建立之后,民族主權(quán)觀念向人民主權(quán)觀念過(guò)渡,以身份歸屬為中心的民族認(rèn)同已經(jīng)成為憲政實(shí)施的意向條件,憲政由此被標(biāo)注了民族主義的觀念印記。民族主義觀念的分化實(shí)則為國(guó)家的權(quán)力構(gòu)造和權(quán)力治理提供了充分的自由空間,憲政理論則致力于在其中求得平衡。 第三章,基于民族主義立場(chǎng),關(guān)注對(duì)自由主義憲政的價(jià)值自省和修正。民族主義價(jià)值觀與憲政精神之間的內(nèi)在張力確為自由主義價(jià)值與民族主義價(jià)值相異的表現(xiàn)。但民族主義與自由主義不僅共生,更可共融,與其說(shuō)兩者存在沖突與排斥,不如說(shuō)它們?cè)趶埩χ邢嗷ヒ来妗Ｃ褡逯髁x對(duì)“特殊性”的關(guān)注更是對(duì)自由主義憲政理念的重要補(bǔ)充。本文認(rèn)為,在各種價(jià)值訴求之間建立均衡,方才為憲政觀念與實(shí)踐不斷進(jìn)行價(jià)值修正和自我完善之道。 第四章,將視角轉(zhuǎn)向憲政的未來(lái),憲政對(duì)民族主義價(jià)值訴求的應(yīng)對(duì)也即文化認(rèn)同與制度認(rèn)同之間的協(xié)調(diào)問(wèn)題。民族主義將構(gòu)建文化多元的團(tuán)結(jié)社會(huì)納入憲政訴求,這也要求在立憲主義下實(shí)現(xiàn)民族與國(guó)家關(guān)系重整：民族主義向文化領(lǐng)域回歸的同時(shí),也作為一種文化樣態(tài)推進(jìn)著國(guó)家政治認(rèn)同與憲法認(rèn)同。近代中國(guó)民族國(guó)家建構(gòu)過(guò)程中自由主義的缺位造成憲政發(fā)展困阻重重,但對(duì)于憲政理念內(nèi)涵而言,民族主義仍是一種必需品。有鑒于此,本文認(rèn)為憲政在自由主義價(jià)值注入的前提下,求得在自由主義價(jià)值訴求與民族主義價(jià)值訴求間的妥協(xié),實(shí)為我們認(rèn)知民族主義與憲政之間關(guān)聯(lián)的意義所在。
[Abstract]:Nationalism is an open and controversial proposition in the academic field. There is no nationalist school based on academic tradition. Although nationalism itself is diverse, the core concept of nationalism is still clear. This paper attempts to proceed from the two basic elements of nationalism: nationality and state. As a political theory, nationalism theory reflects the history and present situation of constitutionalism to a certain extent, as a cultural model. Nationalism is one of the cultural foundations of the constitutional system, and as an important political force, nationalism has participated in the whole process of the formation and development of constitutionalism. The first chapter, starting with the concept of nationalism, clarifies the complex theoretical aspects of nationalism, and analyzes the extreme manifestations of nationalist movements. This article adopts a kind of understanding mode which is biased towards modernism to nationalism, and regards the formation of modern nation and the rise of nation-state as the starting point of nationalism. The way of thinking and institutional design provided by nationalism for us to deal with and deal with the legitimacy of state power and the relationship between government, society and individuals will have an impact on the establishment and development of constitutionalism. In the second chapter, from the perspective of the historical evolution of the nation-state and the change of the concept of nationalism, the author thinks that the nationalism born under the change of the social structure is the fundamental motive force for the construction of the nation-state in modern Western Europe and the historical premise on which constitutionalism is based. After the establishment of the nation-state, the concept of national sovereignty has transitioned to the concept of sovereignty of the people, and the national identity centered on identity has become the intended condition for the implementation of constitutionalism. Constitutionalism is marked with the imprint of nationalism, and the differentiation of nationalism provides a free space for the power construction and power management of the country, and the constitutional theory is devoted to the balance among them. Chapter three, based on nationalism, The inner tension between the values of nationalism and the spirit of constitutionalism is a manifestation of the difference between the value of liberalism and the value of nationalism, but nationalism and liberalism are not only symbiotic, Rather than conflict and exclusion, they depend on each other in tension. Nationalism's concern for "particularity" is an important supplement to liberal constitutional ideas. Establishing a balance among all kinds of value demands is the way to constantly revise and improve the value of constitutionalism concept and practice. In the fourth chapter, we turn to the future of constitutionalism. The response of constitutionalism to the value demand of nationalism is the coordination between cultural identity and institutional identity. Nationalism brings into the constitutional appeal the construction of a culturally diverse solidarity society. It also calls for a renaissance of relations between nations and states under constitutionalism: the return of nationalism to the cultural sphere, The absence of liberalism in the process of the construction of the modern Chinese nation-state caused many obstacles to the development of constitutionalism, but as for the connotation of the constitutional concept, it also promoted the national political identity and the constitutional identity. Nationalism is still a necessity. In view of this, this paper argues that constitutionalism, on the premise of the injection of liberalism value, seeks a compromise between liberalism value demand and nationalism value demand. In fact, we recognize the significance of the relationship between nationalism and constitutionalism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D562

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