本文關(guān)鍵詞： 馬克思主義理論素養(yǎng) 蘇共高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人 共產(chǎn)黨執(zhí)政 社會(huì)主義 興衰成敗　出處：《清華大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：論文把蘇共高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的馬克思主義理論素養(yǎng)作為研究蘇聯(lián)興亡的核心線索,以蘇聯(lián)黨和社會(huì)主義事業(yè)興衰成敗的歷史事件為依托,以辯證唯物主義和歷史唯物主義為基本研究方法,輔以歷史學(xué)和政治學(xué)研究方法,論證了蘇共高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的馬克思主義理論素養(yǎng)與蘇聯(lián)興亡的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。首先,論文總結(jié)了無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)領(lǐng)袖的歷史作用及其發(fā)揮作用的前提條件,并從嚴(yán)格的概念上界定了馬克思主義理論素養(yǎng)的內(nèi)涵和基本表現(xiàn)形式。其次,論文詳細(xì)闡述了五代蘇共高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人馬克思主義理論素養(yǎng)的實(shí)際狀況與蘇聯(lián)黨和社會(huì)主義事業(yè)興衰成敗的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系:以列寧為核心的蘇共第一代領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人一流的馬克思主義理論素養(yǎng)奠基了蘇聯(lián)黨和國(guó)家的興旺發(fā)達(dá);以斯大林為核心的蘇共第二代領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人具有優(yōu)秀的馬克思主義理論素養(yǎng),探索了社會(huì)主義建設(shè)的“斯大林模式”并取得偉大成就;以赫魯曉夫?yàn)楹诵牡奶K共第三代領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人平庸的馬克思主義理論素養(yǎng)導(dǎo)致蘇共理論與決策失誤并為蘇聯(lián)亡黨亡國(guó)埋下了潛在的政治危機(jī);以勃列日涅夫?yàn)楹诵牡奶K共第四代領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人缺乏理論素養(yǎng)導(dǎo)致蘇共意識(shí)形態(tài)和執(zhí)政總危機(jī);以戈?duì)柊蛦谭驗(yàn)楹诵牡奶K共第五代領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人非馬克思主義理論素養(yǎng)則將蘇聯(lián)徹底推進(jìn)了亡黨亡國(guó)的深淵。最后,論文得出三點(diǎn)基本結(jié)論:第一,無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)政黨的民主集中制在社會(huì)主義初創(chuàng)時(shí)期還不完善,在對(duì)黨和國(guó)家最高權(quán)力監(jiān)督不夠的情況下,黨的高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的理論素養(yǎng)和精神追求對(duì)于社會(huì)主義事業(yè)的興衰成敗帶有決定性意義。正因如此,蘇聯(lián)共產(chǎn)黨和社會(huì)主義制度的興衰成敗與蘇共高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的馬克思主義理論素養(yǎng)直接相關(guān)。第二,喪失階級(jí)立場(chǎng)、放棄階級(jí)分析方法是赫魯曉夫以降的蘇共高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人思想與政治崩潰的起點(diǎn)。第三,自赫魯曉夫以降的蘇共高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人喪失共產(chǎn)主義理想信念是導(dǎo)致蘇聯(lián)亡黨亡國(guó)的關(guān)鍵。論文最后強(qiáng)調(diào):馬克思主義、共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和社會(huì)主義制度構(gòu)成生命共同體,一損俱損、共生共榮,其中馬克思主義是這個(gè)生命共同體的靈魂。不斷提高無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)政黨特別是黨的高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的馬克思主義理論素養(yǎng),是對(duì)共產(chǎn)黨執(zhí)政地位和社會(huì)主義制度能否鞏固發(fā)展帶有決定性意義的重大問(wèn)題。在整個(gè)社會(huì)主義事業(yè)的建設(shè)和發(fā)展中,共產(chǎn)黨高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人都必須自覺(jué)地加強(qiáng)馬克思主義理論修養(yǎng),政權(quán)必須牢牢掌握在具有優(yōu)秀馬克思主義理論素養(yǎng)的人手中。
[Abstract]:The paper regards the Marxist theoretical literacy of the senior leaders of the Communist Party of Soviet Union as the core clue to study the rise and fall of the Soviet Union, relying on the historical events of the success or failure of the Soviet Party and the socialist cause. Taking dialectical materialism and historical materialism as the basic research methods, supplemented by the research methods of history and political science, this paper demonstrates the inherent relationship between the Marxist theoretical literacy of the senior leaders of the Communist Party of Soviet Union and the rise and fall of the Soviet Union. This paper summarizes the historical role of proletarian leaders and the preconditions for their exertion, and defines the connotation and basic forms of Marxist theoretical literacy from a strict concept. The paper expounds in detail the relationship between the actual situation of Marxist theoretical literacy of the top leadership of the Soviet Party of five dynasties and the success or failure of the Soviet Party and the socialist cause: the first generation leader of the Soviet Communist Party, with Lenin as the core, is the first-rate horse. The theoretical literacy of Keshiism laid the foundation for the prosperity of the Soviet Party and the country. The second generation leader of the Communist Party of Soviet Union (CPC) with Stalin as the core has excellent Marxist theory accomplishment and has explored the "Stalin model" of socialist construction and has made great achievements. With Khrushchev as the core, the mediocre Marxist theoretical accomplishment of the third generation leader of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union led to the mistakes of the theory and decision-making of the Communist Party of Soviet Union and buried a potential political crisis for the Soviet Union to perish and subjugate the country. The lack of theoretical literacy among the 4th generation leaders of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPC), with Brezhnev as the core, led to the ideology of the Soviet Communist Party and the general crisis of ruling. With Gorbachev as the core, the non-Marxist theoretical literacy of the fifth generation leader of the Communist Party of Soviet Union has pushed the Soviet Union to the abyss of the annihilation of the Party and the country. Finally, the paper draws three basic conclusions: first, The democratic centralism of proletarian political parties was not perfect in the early stage of socialism, and without sufficient supervision over the highest power of the Party and the state, The theoretical qualities and spiritual pursuits of the party's top leaders are of decisive significance to the success or failure of the socialist cause. The success or failure of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the socialist system is directly related to the Marxist theoretical literacy of the senior leaders of the Communist Party of Soviet Union. Giving up the method of class analysis is the starting point of Khrushchev's ideological and political collapse of the Soviet Communist Party. Third, The loss of communist ideals and beliefs by Khrushchev's top leader of the Soviet Communist Party is the key to the demise of the Soviet Union. Finally, the paper emphasizes that Marxism, the leadership of the Communist Party and the socialist system constitute the life community, all of which are at the expense of all. Symbiotic co-prosperity, in which Marxism is the soul of this community of life, constantly improving the Marxist theoretical literacy of the proletarian political parties, especially the senior party leaders, It is a major issue of decisive significance to the Communist Party's ruling position and whether the socialist system can be consolidated and developed. In the construction and development of the entire socialist cause, The senior leaders of the Communist Party must consciously strengthen the cultivation of Marxist theory, and the political power must be firmly grasped in the hands of people with excellent Marxist theoretical literacy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D751.2

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