本文關鍵詞： 信息產(chǎn)業(yè)利益集團 政治參與 游說　出處：《復旦大學》2006年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】： 20世紀90年代以來，以信息技術為基礎的知識經(jīng)濟迅速發(fā)展，推動了美國微觀經(jīng)濟運行機制、中觀經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)業(yè)結構和宏觀經(jīng)濟增長模式的深刻變革。隨著信息產(chǎn)業(yè)成為美國經(jīng)濟增長的主要動力，一批圍繞著計算機、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、半導體等信息技術領域的企業(yè)迅速崛起，英特爾、微軟、蘋果、太陽微系統(tǒng)、網(wǎng)景、甲骨文等公司已經(jīng)成為美國“新經(jīng)濟”的象征。信息產(chǎn)業(yè)的快速發(fā)展帶來的不僅僅是新商品、新技術、新的供應來源、新的企業(yè)組織形式，還為一個新的經(jīng)濟利益集團——美國信息產(chǎn)業(yè)利益集團的興起提供了基本條件。 在20世紀80年代之前，美國信息產(chǎn)業(yè)界政治參與的廣泛性和深入性受到組織資源和財政資源的雙重限制，當涉及行業(yè)集體政治行動時，美國信息技術產(chǎn)業(yè)界往往會陷入被動的局面。在行業(yè)協(xié)會不能承擔起整合行業(yè)內部集體利益的狀況下，美國信息產(chǎn)業(yè)很少作為一個整體來參與政府政策決策，，有利于美國信息產(chǎn)業(yè)整體行業(yè)利益的一些政策決策也大都來源于一些大型信息技術企業(yè)的政治參與的“溢出”效應。美國信息產(chǎn)業(yè)利益集團整體性的政治參與活動始于20世紀80年代的美日半導體貿(mào)易沖突，在這次事關行業(yè)存亡的危機事件中，美國信息技術企業(yè)開始以行業(yè)協(xié)會為紐帶，開展了大規(guī)模的、持續(xù)的政治參與活動。在20世紀90年代，隨著美國“新經(jīng)濟”的深入發(fā)展，基于“進攻性”和“防御性”動機兩方面的驅使，美國信息產(chǎn)業(yè)利益集團政治參與的規(guī)模和范圍不斷擴大，并對諸如貿(mào)易政策、稅收政策、科技移民政策、知識產(chǎn)權保護、出口管制等公共政策的制定產(chǎn)生了重要的影響。 美國信息產(chǎn)業(yè)利益集團的政治參與活動究竟產(chǎn)生了多大影響?這是一個具有探索性的議題。研究美國信息產(chǎn)業(yè)利益集團的政治參與活動將有助于我們理解美國利益集團政治的運行模式和具體過程。同時，也為探討美國信息產(chǎn)業(yè)利益集團和美國政府公共政策變遷之間關系提供了素材。因此，本文以重點研究了美國信息產(chǎn)業(yè)利益集團政治參與活動的歷史、現(xiàn)狀、資源和策略，并選取信息技術產(chǎn)品出口管制政策為案例，具體分析了美國信息產(chǎn)業(yè)利益集團在出口管制政策領域的政治參與活動。 本文認為，在20世紀90年代中后期，美國信息產(chǎn)業(yè)利益集團已經(jīng)成為美國國內政治舞臺上一支不容忽視的力量。美國信息產(chǎn)業(yè)利益集團的政治參與沖擊了傳統(tǒng)工業(yè)界的原有政治地位，并逐步成為美國工業(yè)界的主要代言人之一；在選舉政治中，美國信息產(chǎn)業(yè)利益集團成為了兩黨競相爭取的政治力量。此外，美國信息產(chǎn)業(yè)利益集團的政治參與對美國多元主義民主政治也產(chǎn)生了一定影響。由于集團內部仍存在較大的利益分歧，美國信息產(chǎn)業(yè)利益集團政治參與的未來發(fā)展將主要取決于集團內部利益的整合程度。
[Abstract]:Since 1990s, the rapid development of the knowledge-based economy based on information technology has promoted the microeconomic operation mechanism of the United States. The profound changes in the industrial structure and the macroeconomic growth model of the meso economy. With the information industry becoming the main driving force for economic growth in the United States, a group of enterprises in the field of information technology, such as computers, the Internet, and semiconductors, have risen rapidly. Intel, Microsoft, Apple, Sun Microsystems, Netscape, Oracle and other companies have become symbols of America's "new economy." the rapid growth of the information industry has brought about more than just new goods, new technologies, and new sources of supply. The new form of enterprise organization also provides the basic conditions for the rise of a new economic interest group, the American information industry interest group. Before 1980s, the broad and deep nature of American information industry's political participation was limited by both organizational and financial resources, when it came to the collective political action of the industry. The information technology industry in the United States often falls into a passive situation. When industry associations cannot afford to integrate the collective interests within the industry, the information industry in the United States rarely participates in government policy decisions as a whole. Some policy decisions in favor of the overall interests of the information industry in the United States also come from the "spillover" effect of the political participation of some large information technology enterprises. Political participation of American Information Industry interest groups as a whole. The semiconductor trade conflict between the United States and Japan, which began in 1980s, In this crisis that concerns the survival of the industry, American information technology enterprises began to engage in large-scale and sustained political participation through trade associations. In 1990s, with the further development of the "new economy" in the United States, Driven by both "offensive" and "defensive" motives, the scale and scope of political participation of US information industry interest groups has been expanding, with regard to such issues as trade policy, tax policy, science and technology immigration policy, and intellectual property protection. The formulation of public policies, such as export controls, has had an important impact. How much influence did the political participation of American information industry interest groups produce? This is an exploratory topic. Studying the political participation of American information industry interest groups will help us to understand the operation mode and specific process of American interest group politics. At the same time, It also provides material for discussing the relationship between American information industry interest groups and American government public policy changes. Therefore, this paper focuses on the history, current situation, resources and strategies of American information industry interest groups' political participation. This paper also analyzes the political participation of American information industry interest groups in the field of export control policy by taking the export control policy of information technology products as a case study. This paper holds that, in the middle and late period of 1990s, The information industry interest groups in the United States have become a force that cannot be ignored in the American domestic political arena. The political participation of the information industry interest groups in the United States has impacted on the original political status of the traditional industry. And has gradually become one of the main spokesmen of American industry; in election politics, American information industry interest groups have become a political force competing for the two parties. The political participation of interest groups in the information industry in the United States has also had a certain impact on the pluralistic democratic politics of the United States. The future development of political participation of American information industry interest groups will mainly depend on the degree of integration of interests within the group.
【學位授予單位】：復旦大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2006
【分類號】：F49;D771.2

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