發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-22 13:51

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 正義與發(fā)展黨 土耳其 庫爾德問題 庫爾德工人黨　出處：《新疆大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：自2002年起,正義與發(fā)展黨(以下簡(jiǎn)稱正發(fā)黨)上臺(tái)執(zhí)政,在針對(duì)庫爾德民族時(shí)采取了與往屆政府不同的政策方針,一方面因?yàn)閹鞝柕禄顒?dòng)方式上出現(xiàn)變動(dòng),另一方面因?yàn)榈貐^(qū)地緣政治態(tài)勢(shì)也有所改變。敘利亞危機(jī)爆發(fā)后,庫爾德獨(dú)立運(yùn)動(dòng)再次興起,成為攪動(dòng)中東地緣政治博弈的重要變量。土耳其政府開始正視庫爾德問題,轉(zhuǎn)推改革,收攏民心。但隨著選舉策略的變化和對(duì)庫爾德武裝力量增強(qiáng)忌憚等原因,土耳其政府再次逐步調(diào)整政策,打壓分離主義。土耳其正發(fā)黨的庫爾德政策有著明顯的起伏,可以分為三個(gè)階段。第一階段是拉攏時(shí)期(2002年至2007年),此時(shí)正發(fā)黨為了爭(zhēng)取庫爾德選民,主動(dòng)承認(rèn)存在庫爾德問題,表現(xiàn)出解決庫爾德問題的意愿,贏得了庫爾德民眾的歡迎。第二階段是懷柔政策時(shí)期(2008年至2014年),土耳其在正發(fā)黨和埃爾多安的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下發(fā)展勢(shì)頭良好,為庫爾德問題的整治和解決提供了優(yōu)質(zhì)內(nèi)部和外部環(huán)境。與此同時(shí),正發(fā)黨提出庫爾德倡議和和平進(jìn)程,旨在提振經(jīng)濟(jì)和結(jié)束沖突。但由于國(guó)內(nèi)阻力較大,地區(qū)形勢(shì)不斷惡化,加之2015年6月議會(huì)選舉中庫爾德政黨首次進(jìn)入議會(huì),正發(fā)黨開始調(diào)整庫爾德政策,進(jìn)入第三階段。第三階段是高壓政策時(shí)期(2015年至今),懷柔政策的失敗、國(guó)內(nèi)安全形勢(shì)的惡化和庫爾德實(shí)力的增強(qiáng),令正發(fā)黨決心調(diào)整庫爾德政策。土耳其政府對(duì)庫爾德工人黨再次展開嚴(yán)厲的暴力打壓,雙方?jīng)_突愈演愈烈,庫爾德問題再度惡化。正發(fā)黨的庫爾德政策逐步調(diào)整,但仍沒有取得應(yīng)有的效果,反而邁向下坡路。從國(guó)內(nèi)來看,正發(fā)黨、反對(duì)派和軍方對(duì)庫爾德問題存在分歧,難以擬合。庫爾德工人黨等庫爾德分離運(yùn)動(dòng)組織不斷在國(guó)內(nèi)制造暴恐事件,給和平解決庫爾德問題制造障礙。從地區(qū)環(huán)境來看,伊拉克敘利亞庫爾德人的自治之路給土耳其庫爾德人帶來示范效應(yīng)。同時(shí)“伊斯蘭國(guó)”的崛起使得美國(guó)不得不依賴庫爾德武裝打擊恐怖主義,增大了正發(fā)黨打擊庫爾德分離主義的難度�？傮w看,正發(fā)黨執(zhí)政時(shí)期的庫爾德政策較歷屆政府取得新的民主化進(jìn)展,但是庫爾德問題并未解決,并且令其外交轉(zhuǎn)型陷入困境,國(guó)內(nèi)安全局勢(shì)不斷惡化。目前,土耳其庫爾德問題仍未回歸正常解決的軌道,正發(fā)黨政府應(yīng)該立足現(xiàn)實(shí),以更加平等包容的姿態(tài),在承認(rèn)差別的前提下謀求共同協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Since 2002 the Justice and Development Party (AKP) has been in power and has adopted a different policy approach towards the Kurdish nation than previous governments. On the one hand because of changes in the way Kurdish activities, on the other hand because of the regional geopolitical situation also changed. After the outbreak of the Syrian crisis, the Kurdish independence movement rose again. The Turkish government has begun to face the Kurdish issue, push for reform, and win the people's support. But with the change of election strategy and the increase of fear of Kurdish armed forces, the Turkish government has begun to face the Kurdish issue. The Turkish government has again gradually adjusted its policy to suppress separatism. The Kurdish policy of the AK has been marked by ups and downs. The first phase was the period of courtship (2002 to 2007) when AK took the initiative to acknowledge the existence of the Kurdish problem in order to win over Kurdish voters. The willingness to resolve the Kurdish problem was welcomed by the Kurdish population. The second phase was the period of the Huairou policy (2008 to 2014). Turkey, under the leadership of AKP and Erdogan, has developed well, providing a good internal and external environment for the resolution of the Kurdish issue. At the same time, AKP has launched the Kurdish initiative and the peace process. The aim is to boost the economy and end the conflict. However, the situation in the region is deteriorating due to strong domestic resistance, and the Kurdish political parties entered Parliament for the first time in the parliamentary elections on June 2015, and AKP has begun to adjust its Kurdish policy. The third stage is the period of high pressure (2015 to the present, the failure of Huairou policy, the deterioration of the domestic security situation and the enhancement of Kurdish power). AKP is determined to adjust its Kurdish policy. The Turkish government is again cracking down on the PKK and the conflict between the two sides has intensified. The Kurdish problem has worsened again. The Kurdish policy of the AKP has been gradually adjusted, but it has not yet achieved the desired results, but instead it is headed downhill. From the domestic point of view, the AKP. Opposition and military divisions over the Kurdish issue are difficult to match. Kurdish separatist groups such as the PKK continue to unleash violence in the country. To create obstacles to a peaceful settlement of the Kurdish problem. The path of Iraqi and Syrian Kurds to autonomy has had a model effect for Turkish Kurds, and the rise of the Islamic State has forced the United States to rely on Kurdish forces to fight terrorism. It has made it more difficult for AKP to fight Kurdish separatism. Generally speaking, the Kurdistan policy under AKP has made new progress in democratization compared with previous governments, but the Kurdish issue has not been resolved. At present, the Kurdish issue in Turkey is still not on the track of a normal solution, and the AKP government should base itself on reality and adopt a more equal and inclusive attitude. Seek common and harmonious development on the premise of recognizing differences.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D737.4

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