本文關(guān)鍵詞： 贊比亞 政治發(fā)展 族群沖突 社會(huì)分化 西方干預(yù)　出處：《云南大學(xué)》2010年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 絕大部分非洲國(guó)家于二十世紀(jì)六、七十年代通過(guò)民族運(yùn)動(dòng)取得獨(dú)立,在接下來(lái)短短的幾十年內(nèi),又都經(jīng)歷了十分相似的政治發(fā)展變遷歷程。雖然取得了國(guó)家的獨(dú)立,但是由于自然條件、歷史原因的限制,至今仍然飽受災(zāi)害、貧窮、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的困擾。西方發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家始終把非洲當(dāng)做試驗(yàn)田,當(dāng)做實(shí)力較量的平臺(tái),強(qiáng)行把各自的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、模式、意識(shí)形態(tài)等嫁接到各個(gè)國(guó)家,因此非洲一直以來(lái)都是國(guó)際社會(huì)關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。在非洲國(guó)家當(dāng)中,位于南部非洲的內(nèi)陸國(guó)家贊比亞,在1964年取得獨(dú)立,之后經(jīng)歷多黨到一黨,又恢復(fù)多黨的政體變遷,在非洲國(guó)家中十分具有代表性。同時(shí)贊比亞在其發(fā)展變遷的各個(gè)階段,都沒(méi)有發(fā)生戰(zhàn)亂,而是通過(guò)和平選舉、改革憲政的方式得以實(shí)現(xiàn),又很具獨(dú)特性。 筆者對(duì)于贊比亞這種既具普遍代表性,又有自己明確特點(diǎn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治發(fā)展歷程抱有相當(dāng)?shù)呐d趣。對(duì)于贊比亞所經(jīng)歷的政治體制變遷,幾乎所有西方學(xué)者和非洲學(xué)者的觀點(diǎn)都驚人一致:多黨制的正確性和先進(jìn)性是絕對(duì)的,多黨制對(duì)于贊比亞的發(fā)展起到了巨大的推動(dòng)作用,爾后卡翁達(dá)政權(quán)所建立的一黨制是開(kāi)歷史的倒車,1991年一黨制的崩潰,多黨制的恢復(fù),則標(biāo)志著贊比亞政治發(fā)展重新回歸正確軌道。通過(guò)對(duì)眾多關(guān)于贊比亞歷史和政治文獻(xiàn)的剱集、研讀,筆者個(gè)人則認(rèn)為這種觀點(diǎn)不夠客觀,有失偏頗,有明顯的局限性。本文試圖通過(guò)梳理贊比亞從被殖民至本世紀(jì)初的歷史,從經(jīng)濟(jì)變遷、政黨發(fā)展、族群?jiǎn)栴}、西方國(guó)家的干預(yù)這幾個(gè)影響贊比亞政治發(fā)展的方面,探尋其政治發(fā)展的脈絡(luò),證明贊比亞政治進(jìn)程的合理性與必然性。
[Abstract]:The vast majority of African countries gained independence through national movements on 20th century and 70s, and within the next few decades. Although they have achieved national independence, they are still suffering from disasters and poverty because of natural conditions and historical constraints. Western developed countries have always used Africa as a testing ground, as a platform for strength contest, and forced their own experiences, models, ideology and so on to be grafted to each country. So Africa has always been the focus of international attention. Among African countries, landlocked Zambia in southern Africa, which gained independence in 1964, has experienced a multiparty transition. The resumption of multiparty political change is very representative of African countries, and Zambia has not experienced war at all stages of its evolution, but through peaceful elections. The way of reforming constitutionalism has been realized, and it is very unique. The author is interested in the process of economic and political development of Zambia, which is both universal representative and has its own specific characteristics, and has a considerable interest in the political system changes experienced by Zambia. Almost all Western scholars and African scholars agree surprisingly: the correctness and advanced nature of the multiparty system is absolute, and the multiparty system has played a great role in promoting the development of Zambia. Later, the one-party system established by the Kaunda regime was the reverse of history, the collapse of the one-party system in 1991, and the restoration of the multi-party system. It marks the return of the political development of Zambia to the correct track. Through the collection of many historical and political documents on Zambia, the author personally thinks that this view is not objective enough and biased. This paper attempts to comb Zambia's history from colonization to the beginning of this century, from economic changes, political party development, ethnic group issues. The influence of the western countries on the political development of Zambia is to explore the context of its political development and to prove the rationality and inevitability of the political process of Zambia.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D74

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 張華平;贊比亞共和國(guó)大學(xué)法的變遷研究[D];浙江師范大學(xué);2011年

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本文編號(hào)：1448722