【摘要】：在憲制上,18、19世紀(jì)的不列顛以議會(huì)主權(quán)為根本原則,同時(shí)它又是一個(gè)海權(quán)國(guó)家。1707年英格蘭與蘇格蘭的議會(huì)聯(lián)合標(biāo)志著統(tǒng)一的不列顛國(guó)家形態(tài)的出現(xiàn),這點(diǎn)對(duì)于海權(quán)國(guó)家尤為重要。因此,議會(huì)主權(quán)原則以及1707年英格蘭與蘇格蘭議會(huì)聯(lián)合是“自由帝國(guó)”的兩大基石。戴雪的《英憲精義》深刻地揭橥了議會(huì)主權(quán)原則。其生平最后一本著作《思索英格蘭與蘇格蘭的聯(lián)合》論述的是1707年英格蘭與蘇格蘭的議會(huì)聯(lián)合。戴雪的憲法思想對(duì)于理解議會(huì)主權(quán)原則以及1707年英格蘭與蘇格蘭議會(huì)聯(lián)合具有啟發(fā)意義。本文立基對(duì)戴雪憲法思想的理解,試圖闡述議會(huì)主權(quán)原則及其同英格蘭與蘇格蘭議會(huì)聯(lián)合的內(nèi)在關(guān)系。本文旨在從一個(gè)側(cè)面加深對(duì)英國(guó)憲法及其原則的研究。在第一部分“導(dǎo)論與綜述”中,作者從公民自由與帝國(guó)權(quán)力之間的張力切入,進(jìn)而本文主題。綜述簡(jiǎn)要介紹了英語世界以及中文學(xué)界對(duì)議會(huì)聯(lián)合的研究狀況。第二部分對(duì)議會(huì)主權(quán)原則的理論進(jìn)行了梳理;論述了戴雪從自由敘事與帝國(guó)敘事這兩個(gè)方面對(duì)這一原則的獨(dú)特闡述;梳理了他對(duì)1707年英格蘭與蘇格蘭議會(huì)聯(lián)合的探討。第三部分簡(jiǎn)要論述了1603年英格蘭與蘇格蘭王室聯(lián)合之前,兩國(guó)王國(guó)之間的關(guān)系。第四部分論述了1603年王室聯(lián)合以來,不列顛島圍繞著主權(quán)屬于國(guó)王還是議會(huì)而發(fā)生的革命與憲制變遷;以及在此過程中兩國(guó)發(fā)生的三次不成功的聯(lián)合。第五部分論述了隨著光榮革命的成功,議會(huì)主權(quán)原則在英格蘭與蘇格蘭得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。然而,議會(huì)主權(quán)原則在兩國(guó)的實(shí)現(xiàn),反而造成了兩國(guó)之間在經(jīng)貿(mào)、政治上發(fā)生了重大的危機(jī)。為了解決這些危機(jī),也為了避免議會(huì)主權(quán)的憲政原則免遭法國(guó)絕對(duì)主義政權(quán)的危害,英格蘭與蘇格蘭的議會(huì)聯(lián)合是擺在英格蘭與蘇格蘭輝格黨政治家面前唯一的選擇。1707年聯(lián)合法案在兩國(guó)議會(huì)獲得通過,英格蘭與蘇格蘭的議會(huì)聯(lián)合宣告完成。尾論部分簡(jiǎn)要地總結(jié)了全文的觀點(diǎn)。議會(huì)主權(quán)原則在兩國(guó)的確立為英格蘭與蘇格蘭的議會(huì)聯(lián)合提供了必備的前提條件;議會(huì)聯(lián)合的成功保障了議會(huì)主權(quán)的憲法原則在不列顛長(zhǎng)久、穩(wěn)固地確立起來,成為英國(guó)憲法的一項(xiàng)根本原則。
[Abstract]:Constitutionally, Britain in the 1800s was based on the principle of parliamentary sovereignty, and it was also a maritime power. The parliamentary union of England and Scotland in 1707 marked the appearance of a unified British state. This is particularly important for maritime powers. Thus, the principle of parliamentary sovereignty and the 1707 union of England and the Scottish Parliament were the two cornerstones of the Free Empire. The principle of parliamentary sovereignty is deeply enshrined in the British Constitution by Dai Xue. The last book of his life, pondering the union of England and Scotland, deals with the union of England and Scotland in 1707. His constitutional ideas were instructive to understand the principle of parliamentary sovereignty and to unite England with the Scottish Parliament in 1707. This paper tries to expound the principle of parliamentary sovereignty and its internal relationship with the union of England and Scottish Parliament. The purpose of this paper is to deepen the study of the British Constitution and its principles from one aspect. In the first part, "introduction and Summary", the author cuts into the tension between civil liberties and imperial power, and then the theme of this paper. This paper briefly introduces the English-speaking world and the research of parliamentary union in Chinese and Chinese literary circles. The second part combs the theory of the principle of parliamentary sovereignty, discusses the unique elaboration of this principle from the two aspects of free narration and imperial narrative, and combs his discussion on the union of England and Scottish Parliament in 1707. The third part briefly discusses the relationship between the kingdoms of England and Scotland before the union of the royal family of England and Scotland in 1603. The fourth part discusses the revolution and constitutional change around the sovereignty of the king or parliament since the union of the royal family in 1603, and the three unsuccessful union of the two countries in the process. The fifth part discusses the realization of the principle of parliamentary sovereignty in England and Scotland with the success of the glorious revolution. However, the realization of the principle of parliamentary sovereignty in the two countries has resulted in a major economic and political crisis between the two countries. In order to resolve these crises and to avoid the constitutional principle of parliamentary sovereignty from being jeopardized by the French absolutist regime, A parliamentary union between England and Scotland is the only option for Whig politicians in England and Scotland. The Union Act was passed in 1707 and the Parliament of England and Scotland was completed. The last part briefly summarizes the views of the full text. The establishment of the principle of parliamentary sovereignty in the two countries provided a prerequisite for the parliamentary union between England and Scotland. The constitutional principle of parliamentary union has been established in Britain for a long time and has become a fundamental principle of British constitution.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D756.1

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相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 趙立平;近代早期英格蘭蘇格蘭聯(lián)合問題研究[D];東北師范大學(xué);2003年

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本文編號(hào)：2306463