【摘要】：建國以來,特別是改革開放以來,隨著經(jīng)濟社會的發(fā)展,我國城市化水平不斷提高,大量的農(nóng)村勞動力為了尋求更多的就業(yè)機會,背井離鄉(xiāng)來到城市。然而,這種大規(guī)模的勞動力流動,并沒有帶來真正意義上的人口大遷徙,城鄉(xiāng)二元社會結構的體制壁壘,加劇了城鄉(xiāng)之間日益凸出的矛盾,外出務工的青壯年勞動力,不得不將子女留在家鄉(xiāng),形成了一個新的特殊群體——留守兒童。這類特殊的群體由于缺乏父母家庭的關愛,在生活上、學習上、心理上面臨著太多的問題,并逐漸成為影響實現(xiàn)社會公平正義、促進社會和諧發(fā)展的巨大挑戰(zhàn)之一。留守兒童作為弱勢群體,越來越多的專家學者將目光聚焦在他們身上,同時也已經(jīng)引起了政府部門的高度重視及全社會的共同關注。留守兒童能否健康成長,直接關系到我國未來的發(fā)展、關系到社會的穩(wěn)定和諧發(fā)展。作為公共組織者的政府,盡管一再強調農(nóng)村留守兒童對祖國未來發(fā)展的重要性,但是在現(xiàn)實中卻一再遭到弱化的尷尬,致使留守兒童問題遲遲得不到根本性的緩解。因此,政府如何作為成為了解決問題的關鍵。如何實現(xiàn)對留守兒童問題的有效公共治理,如何讓相關部門各司其職,如何調動其他社會主體共同參與到留守兒童保護問題中,甚至如何借助國際力量等一切可以參與的力量來共同解決留守兒童問題,是值得政府思考和探討的。這既是政府義不容辭的責任,也是促進和諧社會發(fā)展的需要。文章通過查閱收集大量文獻資料,并實地走訪南安市部分鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)調研、訪談并綜合運用公共產(chǎn)品供給理論、兒童發(fā)展理論等相關觀點,對我國留守兒童問題進行分析,并深入剖析政府行為的作為與不作為,粗淺地提出包括改革社會二元結構、完善法律法規(guī)、增加公共服務供給、整合資源、借助國際力量等五個方面在內(nèi)的解決留守兒童問題的建議,嘗試為我國農(nóng)村留守兒童問題的管理構建一個政府主導其他社會主體共同參與的具有現(xiàn)實意義的多元主體模式,期以能對政府應對留守兒童問題拓展出更多的探討空間,為突破目前留守兒童問題政府行為方法論上的困惑,提供一種更為開放的視角,同時也為應對留守兒童問題的政府行為提供更為充實的理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, especially since the reform and opening up, with the development of economy and society, the urbanization level of our country has been continuously improved. In order to seek more employment opportunities, a large number of rural labors have left their homes and come to the cities. However, this large-scale labor flow has not brought about a real population migration, and the structural barriers to the dual social structure between urban and rural areas have exacerbated the increasingly prominent contradictions between urban and rural areas. Children had to be left at home, forming a new special group-left-behind children. Due to the lack of parental care, these special groups face too many psychological problems in life and study, and gradually become one of the great challenges that affect the realization of social justice and social harmony. As a vulnerable group, more and more experts and scholars have focused on them, and have also attracted great attention from government departments and the whole society. Whether the left-behind children can grow healthily is directly related to the future development of our country and the stable and harmonious development of the society. As a public organizer, the government has repeatedly stressed the importance of rural left-behind children to the future development of the motherland, but in reality it has been repeatedly weakened embarrassment, resulting in the problem of children left behind has not been fundamentally alleviated. Therefore, how the government has become the key to solve the problem. How to achieve effective public governance of left-behind children, how to let relevant departments perform their respective duties, how to mobilize other social subjects to participate in the protection of left-behind children, How to solve the problem of left-behind children with the help of international force and all other forces is worthy of the government's consideration and discussion. This is not only the responsibility of the government, but also the need to promote the development of a harmonious society. This paper analyzes the problem of left-behind children in China by consulting and collecting a large amount of literature, visiting some towns and villages in Nanan City, interviewing and synthetically applying the theory of supply of public goods and the theory of child development, etc. And deeply analyze the actions and omissions of the government behavior, and put forward, including reforming the dual structure of the society, perfecting the laws and regulations, increasing the supply of public services and integrating resources. With the help of the suggestions from five aspects, such as international strength, to solve the problem of left-behind children, this paper attempts to build a multi-subject model with practical significance for the management of the problem of left-behind children in rural areas, in which the government dominates the participation of other social subjects. In order to open up more space for the government to deal with the problem of left-behind children, and to break through the bewilderment of the current government behavior methodology of left-behind children, and to provide a more open perspective, At the same time, it also provides a more substantial theoretical basis for government behavior to deal with the problem of left-behind children.
【學位授予單位】：華僑大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：D669.5;D630

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本文編號：2203051