【摘要】：目的本研究以大慶市養(yǎng)老方式為主題,探討大慶市老齡化現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展,分析各種養(yǎng)老方式的現(xiàn)狀、影響因素和存在的問題,并為解決這些問題提出具有建設(shè)性的建議。方法采用隨機(jī)抽樣的方法對大慶市老年人進(jìn)行養(yǎng)老服務(wù)需求狀況及其影響因素的問卷調(diào)查。共發(fā)放調(diào)查問卷400份,回收392份,對回收的問卷運(yùn)用統(tǒng)計(jì)方法分析大慶老年人對基本物質(zhì)生活服務(wù)、醫(yī)療保健服務(wù)和精神文化服務(wù)的需求狀況,并采用卡方統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法分析其影響因素。另外選取了居家養(yǎng)老老年人200名;養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)中抽取機(jī)構(gòu)養(yǎng)老老年人200名;機(jī)構(gòu)負(fù)責(zé)人5名;機(jī)構(gòu)內(nèi)醫(yī)療工作者20名;照護(hù)人員20名;政府官員2名分別進(jìn)行訪談。結(jié)果1.大慶市“空巢老人”總共有90538人,占大慶市60歲以上老年人口總數(shù)的21.7%,大約70%的空巢老人缺少家人的照料。2.一般特征:男性為52.3%(205/392),女性為48.4%(187/392);60~、70~、≥80年齡組人數(shù)分別為總調(diào)查人數(shù)的48.5%(190/392)、36.7%(144/392)、14.8%(58/392);初中文化程度占比重最大,為59.2%(232/392);按職業(yè)工人和公務(wù)員及事業(yè)單位居多,占33.4%(131/392)和35.2%(138/392);所調(diào)查老年人慢性病患病率高達(dá)56.6%(222/392)。3.老年人對醫(yī)療服務(wù)需求的程度最高,為48.2%(189/392),文化娛樂服務(wù)需求為37.5%(147/392),可以滿足基本物質(zhì)生活服務(wù)需求程度較低,只占14.3%(56/392)。4.對不同年齡的老年人養(yǎng)老方式進(jìn)行卡方檢驗(yàn)存在差異(x2=52.809,P0.05),60-70歲的老年人以自我養(yǎng)老為主,70-80歲的老年人以家庭養(yǎng)老為主,80歲以上的老年人以社會養(yǎng)老為主。5.對不同健康狀況的老年人養(yǎng)老方式進(jìn)行卡方檢驗(yàn)存在差異(x2=179.289,P0.05)。健康較好的以自我養(yǎng)老為主。6.對有無子女的老年人養(yǎng)老方式進(jìn)行卡方檢驗(yàn)存在差異(x2=141.581,P0.05)有子女的老年人以家庭養(yǎng)老為主,無子女的老年人以自我養(yǎng)老為主。7.對有無配偶的老年人養(yǎng)老方式進(jìn)行卡方檢驗(yàn)存在差異(x2=103.732,P0.05)有配偶的老年人以自我養(yǎng)老為主,無配偶的老年人以社會養(yǎng)老為主。8.對不同文化程度的老年人養(yǎng)老方式進(jìn)行卡方檢驗(yàn)存在差異(x2=117.241,P0.05),文化程度為小學(xué)的老年人以社會養(yǎng)老為主;文化程度為初中的老年人以家庭養(yǎng)老為主,文化程度為高中及以上的老年人以自我養(yǎng)老為主。9.對不同職業(yè)的老年人養(yǎng)老方式進(jìn)行卡方檢驗(yàn)存在差異(x2=137.993,P0.05)。10.對不同收入水平的老年人養(yǎng)老方式進(jìn)行卡方檢驗(yàn)存在差異(x2=136.433,P0.05)。收入高的老年人選擇社會養(yǎng)老,希望入住條件好的養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)。結(jié)論1.大慶市進(jìn)入老齡化階段,養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)容納能力有限、服務(wù)水平不高的問題愈發(fā)凸顯。2.健康狀況在養(yǎng)老方式選擇方面具有顯著性差異,年齡大、健康狀況差的老年人選擇社會養(yǎng)老方式的比例更高,而喪偶、子女較少的老年人也更傾向于選擇社會養(yǎng)老方式。老年人的收入水平、婚姻狀況、受教育程度對于老年人各種養(yǎng)老方式選擇的影響最為顯著而強(qiáng)烈。3.探索醫(yī)養(yǎng)康復(fù)結(jié)合模式的新型養(yǎng)老方式,并提出適合大慶市醫(yī)養(yǎng)康復(fù)結(jié)合養(yǎng)老模式的運(yùn)行方式。在此基礎(chǔ)上,以大慶市作為實(shí)證地區(qū)進(jìn)行研究,設(shè)計(jì)適合大慶市實(shí)際情況的醫(yī)養(yǎng)康復(fù)結(jié)合養(yǎng)老服務(wù)模式。最后提出了政策建議及探討了相關(guān)問題,力圖為政策設(shè)計(jì)提供參考。
[Abstract]:Objective To explore the present situation and development of the aged in Daqing, analyze the present situation, influencing factors and existing problems of various old-age care modes, and put forward constructive suggestions to solve these problems. A total of 400 questionnaires were sent out and 392 were collected. Statistical methods were used to analyze the demands of Daqing elderly people for basic material life services, medical care services and spiritual and cultural services, and Chi-square statistical method was used to analyze the influencing factors. Results 1. There were 90 538 empty nesters in Daqing, accounting for 21.7% of the total population over 60 years old, and about 70% of the empty nesters lacked family members. General characteristics: 52.3% (205/392) for men and 48.4% (187/392) for women; 48.5% (190/392), 36.7% (144/392) and 14.8% (58/392) for 60-, 70-, and over 80-year-old groups, respectively; the highest proportion of junior high school education was 59.2% (232/392); 33.4% (131/392) and 35.2% (138.2%) for professional workers and civil servants and institutions. The prevalence of chronic diseases among the elderly was as high as 56.6% (222/392). 3. The elderly had the highest demand for medical services, which was 48.2% (189/392) and 37.5% (147/392) for cultural and entertainment services. The demand for basic material life services was relatively low, accounting for only 14.3% (56/392). The results showed that there were significant differences (x2 = 52.809, P 0.05). The elderly aged 60-70 were mainly self-supporting, the elderly aged 70-80 were mainly family-supporting, and the elderly over 80 were mainly social-supporting. Chi-square test showed that there was a significant difference in the way of providing for the aged with or without children (x2 = 141.581, P 0.05). Family support was the main way for the elderly with children, while self support was the main way for the elderly without children.7. Chi-square test showed a significant difference in the way of providing for the aged with or without spouses (x2 = 103.732, P 0.05). Chi-square test showed that the elderly with different educational levels were different (x2 = 117.241, P 0.05). The elderly with primary school education were mainly in social support; the elderly with junior middle school education were mainly in family support, and those with high school education and above were mainly in education. Chi-square test showed that there were differences in different occupations (x2 = 137.993, P 0.05). There were differences in Chi-square test between different income levels of the elderly (x2 = 136.433, P 0.05). As the city enters the aging stage, the problem of the limited capacity of the old-age institutions and the low level of service is becoming more and more prominent. 2. There is a significant difference in the choice of the old-age pension mode between the elderly with older age and poor health. The proportion of the elderly who choose the social old-age pension mode is higher, while the elderly with fewer children are more inclined to choose the community. The income level, marital status and education level of the elderly have the most significant and strong influence on the choice of various old-age care modes. 3. Explore the new mode of combining medical care with rehabilitation, and put forward the operation mode of combining medical care with rehabilitation in Daqing. Finally, policy suggestions and related issues are put forward to provide reference for policy design.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D669.6

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