本文選題：島國心理 + 對外政策　； 參考：《外交學院》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：英國的外交歷來為學界所重視，其縱橫捭闔、渾灑自如的外交才能，成熟的外交經驗為世界各國所關注。對英國外交問題進行研究的學者很多，手段各異，結論多樣，從不同側面反映了英國外交的實際狀況，也對英國外交的成敗進行了不同解讀。 心理學在國際關系研究中經常出現，政治心理學甚至已經成為了一門比較成熟的學科。但在國際關系實際研究中，經常會出現學科區(qū)分不清，理論運用不當等問題。運用心理學的方法和手段研究國際關系，對豐富國際關系研究和學科交叉的有效運用有著重要的意義。對心理學方法在國際關系研究領域應用進行比較系統(tǒng)的梳理，應該是必要和及時的。心理學方法在國際關系研究中最常用的是社會認知，往往有意無意地忽視精神分析方法，而精神分析的理論基礎在國際關系分析中是有其獨特性的。精神分析理論認為，人類的早期經歷會產生深刻心理痕跡，影響其以后的成長和發(fā)展。在國際交往過程中，歷史積淀下來的民族心理也會影響一個國家對外政策和外交行為的選擇，這在英國外交史上表現非常明顯。 地處西歐邊陲的英國，因英吉利海峽和多佛爾海峽的阻隔，與歐洲大陸隔海相望。英國最初是與歐洲大陸連在一起的，第四紀冰川以后，隨著大陸冰川融化和海平面的上升才逐漸和大陸分離，這在早期人類的心理上會產生一種脫離母體的恐懼。以后的羅馬人、盎格魯-撒克遜人、維金人等的入侵行為及諾曼征服，對英國民眾的心理影響是巨大的，固有的分離恐懼和長期被欺凌的歷史，逐漸形成了獨特的島國心理。島國心理的核心是恐懼心理和不安全感，這種心理一旦形成就會影響到英國的對外政策和行為。 為消除恐懼，英國最初采取大陸擴張政策，，企圖成為一個大陸國家。擴張失敗后，又積極尋求其它辦法來消除焦慮，一般有三種方法，即自強、依附和消融。這三種方法英國都進行了嘗試，如建立世界大帝國，和美國建立特殊關系，與歐洲若即若離等。當前的英國外交，需要正視多年來歷史積淀形成的島國心理，繼續(xù)發(fā)揮妥協經驗和智慧，進行明確外交定位，處理好大國間關系，有效融入歐洲。
[Abstract]:British diplomacy has always been attached importance to by academic circles, its maneuvering, easy diplomatic skills, mature diplomatic experience is concerned by the world. There are many scholars studying British diplomacy with different means and various conclusions. It reflects the actual situation of British diplomacy from different aspects and makes different interpretations of the success or failure of British diplomacy. Psychology often appears in the study of international relations, and political psychology has even become a relatively mature subject. However, in the practical study of international relations, there are often some problems, such as unclear division of disciplines and improper application of theories and so on. It is of great significance to study international relations by using psychological methods and means to enrich the study of international relations and the effective application of interdisciplinary research. It is necessary and timely to systematize the application of psychological methods in the field of international relations research. Social cognition is the most commonly used method of psychology in the study of international relations, and the psychoanalysis method is often ignored intentionally or unintentionally. However, the theoretical basis of psychoanalysis is unique in international relations analysis. The theory of psychoanalysis holds that the early human experience will produce deep psychological traces and affect its future growth and development. In the process of international communication, the national psychology accumulated in history also affects the choice of a country's foreign policy and foreign behavior, which is very obvious in the history of British diplomacy. Located in western Europe, the United Kingdom, because of the English Channel and the Dover Channel, across the sea from the European continent. Britain was originally linked to the European continent, and after the Quaternary glacier, it was gradually separated from the continent as the continent melted and sea levels rose, which created a psychological fear of separation from the mother body in the early human mind. The later Roman, Anglo-Saxon, Viking, and so on invasion and Norman conquest, the psychological impact on the British people is great, inherent fear of separation and long history of bullying, gradually formed a unique island mentality. The core of island psychology is fear and insecurity, which, once formed, will influence British foreign policy and behavior. To quell fear, Britain initially adopted a continental expansion policy in an attempt to become a continental state. After the failure of expansion, we actively seek other ways to eliminate anxiety, generally there are three ways, namely self-strengthening, attachment and ablation. All three methods were tried, such as establishing a world empire, establishing a special relationship with the United States, and staying away from Europe. The current British diplomacy needs to face up to the island mentality formed by the historical accumulation over the years, continue to give play to the experience and wisdom of compromise, carry out a clear diplomatic orientation, handle the relations between the great powers, and effectively integrate into Europe.
【學位授予單位】：外交學院
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D856.1

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本文編號：2031370