本文選題：非美活動(dòng)委員會(huì) + 反共調(diào)查��； 參考：《東北師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：非美活動(dòng)委員會(huì)是美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)眾議院的一個(gè)調(diào)查機(jī)構(gòu),該委員會(huì)的前身早在一戰(zhàn)后便已出現(xiàn),但隨著美蘇冷戰(zhàn)的醞釀與開(kāi)始,該委員會(huì)的職能也發(fā)生了巨大的轉(zhuǎn)變,其見(jiàn)證和經(jīng)歷了一段異�；钴S的美國(guó)社會(huì)歷史的變遷。本文擬通過(guò)梳理冷戰(zhàn)大背景下美國(guó)國(guó)家安全防衛(wèi)中非美活動(dòng)委員會(huì)的組織架構(gòu)方式、主要活動(dòng)及其成果和弊端,并以冷戰(zhàn)初期著名懸案——“阿爾杰·希斯案”的調(diào)查始末及其影響為例,探索和分析冷戰(zhàn)初期該委員會(huì)在美國(guó)國(guó)家安全中所扮演的角色,認(rèn)識(shí)非常時(shí)期內(nèi)非美活動(dòng)委員會(huì)對(duì)維護(hù)當(dāng)時(shí)美國(guó)國(guó)家安全和對(duì)抗蘇聯(lián)滲透的作用,并分析其調(diào)查手段事實(shí)上對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)司法和民主的破壞,以新的視角從美國(guó)內(nèi)部考察冷戰(zhàn)和美國(guó)社會(huì)的變遷。除引言和結(jié)語(yǔ)外,本文主體共包括四個(gè)部分:第一部分從美國(guó)的反共傳統(tǒng)、共產(chǎn)主義的發(fā)展及其兩黨政治斗爭(zhēng)的角度對(duì)冷戰(zhàn)前非美活動(dòng)委員會(huì)成立的背景進(jìn)行了分析和論述,并概括了非美活動(dòng)委員會(huì)前身的演變歷程及早期的主要活動(dòng)和發(fā)展情況。第二部分分析了成為國(guó)會(huì)常設(shè)機(jī)構(gòu)后的非美活動(dòng)委員會(huì)的成員構(gòu)成與運(yùn)作情況及其調(diào)查程序規(guī)則,并梳理了冷戰(zhàn)初期非美活動(dòng)委員會(huì)的主要立法、立法主題和在其影響下的行政政策命令及司法命令的制定情況,概括了冷戰(zhàn)初期非美活動(dòng)委員會(huì)主導(dǎo)下的主要調(diào)查活動(dòng)及其反響。第三部分以冷戰(zhàn)初期非美活動(dòng)委員會(huì)主導(dǎo)下著名的間諜案件“阿爾杰·希斯案”的調(diào)查為例,概括了案件調(diào)查的過(guò)程,并分析了該案對(duì)委員會(huì)本身、美國(guó)國(guó)家安全觀和美國(guó)現(xiàn)代斗爭(zhēng)勢(shì)力的影響。第四部分對(duì)非美活動(dòng)委員會(huì)在冷戰(zhàn)初期維護(hù)美國(guó)國(guó)家安全的角色進(jìn)行了評(píng)析,一方面認(rèn)為非美活動(dòng)委員會(huì)在冷戰(zhàn)這一特殊時(shí)期對(duì)維護(hù)美國(guó)國(guó)家安全有特殊作用,另一方面指出了非美活動(dòng)委員會(huì)的活動(dòng)對(duì)美國(guó)社會(huì)民主和法制的破壞,客觀上給它所要維護(hù)的美國(guó)國(guó)家安全帶來(lái)內(nèi)部的“不安全因素”,并由此分析和思考了國(guó)家安全與國(guó)內(nèi)民主需求之間的關(guān)系與平衡。
[Abstract]:The Committee on Non-American activities is an investigative body in the House of Representatives of the United States Congress. Its predecessor appeared after the first World War, but with the brewing and beginning of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union, the functions of the committee also changed dramatically. It witnessed and experienced a period of exceptionally active changes in the history of American society. This paper intends to comb the organizational structure, main activities, achievements and drawbacks of the Central African and American activities Committee for National Security and Defense of the United States under the background of the Cold War. And taking the investigation of the famous outstanding case of the early Cold War, the case of Arjay Heath, as an example, this paper explores and analyzes the role played by the Commission in the national security of the United States in the early years of the Cold War. Recognizing the role of the non-American activities committee in safeguarding the national security of the United States at that time and countering the infiltration of the Soviet Union during the extraordinary period, and analysing the fact that its means of investigation undermined domestic justice and democracy in the United States at that time, From a new perspective, the Cold War and the changes of American society are examined from within the United States. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the main body of this paper includes four parts: the first part analyzes and discusses the background of the establishment of the non-American activities committee before the Cold War from the perspective of the anti-Communist tradition of the United States, the development of communism and the political struggle between the two parties. And summarized the non-American activities committee predecessor evolution process and early main activities and developments. The second part analyzes the membership and operation of the non-American activities committee after becoming a permanent body of Congress, and the rules of the investigation procedure, and combs the main legislation of the non-American activities committee in the early Cold War. The legislative theme and the formulation of executive policy orders and judicial orders under its influence generalize the main investigation activities and their repercussions under the guidance of the Non-American activities Committee in the early Cold War. The third part takes the investigation of the famous spy case "Alger Heath case" under the leadership of the non-American activities Committee in the early Cold War as an example, summarizes the investigation process of the case, and analyzes the case's impact on the Commission itself. American national security concept and the influence of American modern struggle forces. The fourth part analyzes the role of the non-American activities committee in safeguarding the national security of the United States in the early stage of the cold war. On the one hand, it holds that the non-American activities committee played a special role in safeguarding the national security of the United States during the special period of the cold war. On the other hand, it points out that the activities of the non-American activities committee undermine the democracy and the legal system in American society, objectively bringing internal "unsafe factors" to the national security of the United States that it is trying to safeguard. The relationship and balance between national security and domestic democratic demand are analyzed and considered.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D771.2

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本文編號(hào)：1957983