本文選題：兒童 + 公共服務(wù)��； 參考：《華中科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：兒童是民族的希望,國家的未來。由于兒童自身的脆弱性,他們的生存和發(fā)展應(yīng)該受到政府和社會的關(guān)注和支持。德國是世界上最早提出“社會政策”理念的國家,也是最早立法建立工人養(yǎng)老金、健康和醫(yī)療保險制度的國家,在兒童公共服務(wù)領(lǐng)域,德國同樣躋身世界一流之列。一方面,本文通過大量的文獻研究,借助最新的德國官方統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)和資料,以德國兒童公共服務(wù)建立的理論背景為出發(fā)點,研究了其歷史變革,并從法律制度、日托機制、健康服務(wù)、教育培訓(xùn)、反虐待和暴力等要素對德國的兒童公共服務(wù)機制做了系統(tǒng)的梳理和歸納,總結(jié)了德國兒童公共服務(wù)機制的主要特征為:以完整的法律體系與制度體系為依托;加強人性化、平等化的服務(wù)理念;樹立市場導(dǎo)向,多元化供給;培養(yǎng)專業(yè)人才,建立長效供應(yīng)鏈;建立全國化的統(tǒng)一信息平臺,實現(xiàn)信息公開化,監(jiān)督信息化。進一步的,結(jié)合德國目前的國情,總結(jié)歸納了德國兒童公共服務(wù)所面臨的問題。另一方面,本文還對我國兒童公共服務(wù)的現(xiàn)狀進行了分析,總結(jié)歸納了我國兒童公共服務(wù)所面臨的問題主要為:公共服務(wù)的受惠兒童人口基數(shù)大,分布地域廣,地域發(fā)展不平衡,城鄉(xiāng)差異大,執(zhí)行主體缺乏協(xié)調(diào),社會政策不健全且與其他社會政策不配套等。最后,通過對兩國兒童公共服務(wù)機制的比較,結(jié)合兩國的歷史發(fā)展和基本國情,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)德國兒童公共服務(wù)已有的成功經(jīng)驗和其所暴露的缺陷,對我國的兒童保護政策的制定以及公共服務(wù)建設(shè)的發(fā)展都有一定的借鑒作用。我國正處于經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)型、社會變化的重大轉(zhuǎn)折點,人口老齡化逐漸凸顯,保護和培養(yǎng)新一代至關(guān)重要。兒童的未來不僅需要政府、社會團體的配合,更需要每個家庭和個人共同參與。
[Abstract]:Children are the hope of the nation and the future of the nation. Because of children's own vulnerability, their survival and development should be concerned and supported by the government and society. Germany is the first country in the world to put forward the concept of "social policy", and also the earliest country to legislate the establishment of workers' pension, health and medical insurance system. In the field of children's public service, Germany also ranks among the world's best. On the one hand, through a large number of literature studies, with the help of the latest German official statistics and information, this paper studies the historical changes of public services for children in Germany from the point of view of the theoretical background of the establishment of public services for children in Germany, and from the legal system, the mechanism of day care. Health services, education and training, anti-abuse and violence, and other elements systematically comb and summarize the public service mechanism for children in Germany. The main characteristics of the public service mechanism for children in Germany are summarized as follows: relying on the complete legal and institutional system, strengthening the service concept of humanization and equalization, establishing market orientation, diversifying supply, cultivating professional talents, Establish a long-term supply chain, set up a unified information platform, realize information publicity, supervise information. Further, combined with the current situation of Germany, summed up the problems faced by German children's public services. On the other hand, this paper also analyzes the present situation of children's public service in our country, and summarizes the problems faced by the children's public service in our country. The main problems are as follows: the population base of the children benefited by the public service is large, and the distribution of the children's public service is wide. The regional development is unbalanced, the difference between urban and rural areas is big, the executive body lacks the coordination, the social policy is not perfect and does not match with other social policies and so on. Finally, by comparing the mechanism of public service for children between the two countries, and combining the historical development and basic national conditions of the two countries, we can find the successful experience and the shortcomings exposed by the public service for children in Germany. It can be used for reference for the formulation of child protection policy and the development of public service construction in China. China is in the transition of economic structure, the major turning point of social change, population aging gradually highlights, the protection and training of a new generation of important. Children's future needs not only the cooperation of government and social groups, but also the participation of every family and individual.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D751.6;C913.5

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