本文選題：約旦 + 外源型現(xiàn)代化　； 參考：《西北大學》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：19世紀末20世紀初,約旦仍屬半游牧國家,經濟基礎薄弱,形式單一,以發(fā)展農牧業(yè)為主。約旦社會以部落為基本組織形式,部落長老是實際統(tǒng)治者。該地區(qū)缺乏專門的政治制度,依靠部落習慣法實行統(tǒng)治,每個村鎮(zhèn)的法律各不相同,法律、軍事制度、軍事法、部落習慣法、專制和伊斯蘭教協(xié)商制度(舒拉)共存。1861年坦齊馬特改革后,奧斯曼帝國開始變革圖強,走上發(fā)展現(xiàn)代化之路。約旦作為奧斯曼帝國版圖的一部分,也卷入現(xiàn)代化浪潮中。20世紀初,該地區(qū)出現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化萌芽。1921年英國對外約旦實行委任統(tǒng)治后,阿卜杜拉組建了具有“顧問委員會”性質的第一屆政府,標志著約旦現(xiàn)代化開啟。此后,外約旦臨時政府又組建了臨時內閣、政府安全部隊,頒布了一系列法律,在阿卜杜拉國王的帶領下于1946年獲得獨立。根據(jù)羅榮渠的理論,約旦按意識形態(tài)劃分屬于混合型現(xiàn)代化,既不同于資本主義模式,也不同于社會主義模式,是在本國歷史文化基礎上對上述兩種發(fā)展形式的綜合�；旌闲湍Ｊ绞巧性诎l(fā)展中的不成熟的現(xiàn)代化模式,其特點是幾種生產方式結合,奉行自由經濟制度,由政府實施計劃和調節(jié)。根據(jù)布萊克的理論,約旦屬于第六范型,該范型的國家經歷過殖民主義。殖民經歷對現(xiàn)代化既有促進作用,又有阻礙作用,其發(fā)展模式傾向于從更現(xiàn)代的社會照搬現(xiàn)代觀念和體制。同樣,這類國家在最初階段往往依靠殖民國家為其提供政治內聚力,即使獨立后其政治結構、領土劃定和其他方面仍殘存殖民國家的政治權威。如按現(xiàn)代化起源劃分,約旦屬于外源型現(xiàn)代化國家,又稱外誘性現(xiàn)代化或外誘變遷,其內部創(chuàng)新居于次要地位。外約旦屬于低度發(fā)展國家,現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展水平較低,傳統(tǒng)結構受殖民主義破壞呈畸形化。在殖民主義的影響下,外約旦社會受到外部沖擊而引起內部思想和政治變革,進而推動經濟變革,形成了政治、經濟和社會領域的二元結構。但外源型現(xiàn)代化并非完全受制于外部條件,其發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略可分為自主的即非聯(lián)系型發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略,非自主的即外向型聯(lián)系發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略,或兩種戰(zhàn)略交替使用。約旦充分利用外部條件,結合自身特點,走的是非聯(lián)系型發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略與外向型聯(lián)系發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略相結合的道路。這種非聯(lián)系型發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略與外向型聯(lián)系發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略相結合的外源型現(xiàn)代化,在政治現(xiàn)代化方面體現(xiàn)得更加徹底。
[Abstract]:At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, Jordan was still a semi-nomadic country with a weak economic base and a single form. Jordanian society takes the tribal as the basic organization form, tribal elders are the actual rulers. The region lacks a special political system and relies on tribal customary law to govern. The laws of each village and town are different, the law, the military system, the military law, the tribal customary law, Autocracy and Islamic Consultative system (Shura) coexist. After the Tancimat Reformation in 1861, the Ottoman Empire began to transform Tu Qiang and embark on the road of modernization. Jordan, as part of the Ottoman Empire, was also involved in the wave of modernization. At the beginning of the 20th century, modernization sprouted in the region. Abdullah formed the first government of an advisory council, marking the start of Jordan's modernization. Since then, the external Jordanian interim government has formed an interim cabinet, government security forces, promulgated a series of laws, under the leadership of King Abdullah gained independence in 1946. According to Luo Rongqu's theory, Jordan is divided into mixed modernization according to ideology, which is different from both capitalist and socialist models. It is a synthesis of the above two forms of development on the basis of its history and culture. The mixed mode is an immature mode of modernization which is still in development. It is characterized by the combination of several modes of production, the practice of free economic system, and the implementation of planning and regulation by the government. According to Black's theory, Jordan belongs to the sixth model, whose country has experienced colonialism. Colonial experience not only promotes but also hinders modernization, and its development mode tends to copy modern ideas and systems from more modern society. Similarly, such States often rely at the initial stage on colonial powers to provide them with political cohesion, even though their political structure, territorial delimitation and other aspects remain the political authority of colonial Powers even after independence. For example, according to the origin of modernization, Jordan belongs to the foreign modernization country, which is also called external inductive modernization or foreign inducement change, and its internal innovation plays a secondary role. Outer Jordan is a low-developed country with a low level of modernization, and its traditional structure is deformed by colonialism. Under the influence of colonialism, the outer Jordanian society was subjected to external shocks, which caused internal ideological and political changes, and then promoted economic changes, forming a dual structure in the political, economic and social fields. However, exogenous modernization is not completely restricted by external conditions. Its development strategy can be divided into independent development strategy, non-related development strategy, extroverted linkage development strategy, or alternate use of the two strategies. Jordan makes full use of the external conditions and combines its own characteristics to take the road of combining the non-related development strategy with the export-oriented linkage development strategy. The external modernization, which combines the non-related development strategy and the extroverted linked development strategy, is more thoroughly reflected in the political modernization.
【學位授予單位】：西北大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：D737.9
，

本文編號：1782120