本文選題：歐盟　切入點：難民　出處：《上海外國語大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,由于西亞北非的政治局勢動蕩,內(nèi)戰(zhàn),宗教、族群內(nèi)部沖突不斷,致使大量難民背井離鄉(xiāng),國際難民數(shù)量激增,歐洲地區(qū)的難民申請進入超負(fù)荷狀態(tài),歐盟內(nèi)部存在的不團結(jié)問題也逐漸暴露,并最終形成了歐洲地區(qū)的難民危機。對于難民問題,歐盟國家并不陌生。在2015年的難民危機之前,各成員國之間其實已存在涉及難民體系的文件。在1985年《申根協(xié)定》簽訂后,包括德國在內(nèi)的申根國家就已經(jīng)意識到避難問題與歐盟外部邊界間的密切聯(lián)系,開放內(nèi)部邊境的前提就是一個值得信賴的統(tǒng)一的外部避難審查體系。面對邊境安全新的需求,《都柏林公約》應(yīng)運而生�！抖及亓止s》確立了成員國負(fù)責(zé)避難審查的責(zé)任、標(biāo)準(zhǔn),限制了重復(fù)避難申請的發(fā)生,進一步提高了共同避難體系的效率。1992年簽訂的《馬斯特里赫特條約》更是歐盟在內(nèi)政與司法領(lǐng)域合作的重要里程碑�！恶R約》明確地將司法與內(nèi)務(wù)合作規(guī)定為歐盟的第三支柱,移民與避難問題也被明確納入該領(lǐng)域的合作中。然而,以《都柏林公約》為核心的歐盟共同難民法律體系卻在2015年的難民危機面前陷入了部分失靈的狀態(tài),其原因是植根于歐盟與成員國兩個層面之中的。從成員國層面而言,由地緣因素導(dǎo)致的難民分?jǐn)倝毫Σ痪鶆蛞约皣鴥?nèi)政治環(huán)境的變化都會改變成員國對共同難民法律體系的態(tài)度。而從歐盟層面而言,歐盟與成員國在內(nèi)政與司法領(lǐng)域權(quán)限劃分的不明確、歐盟超國家機構(gòu)設(shè)置的不平衡乃至歐盟自身定位的不明確都影響著共同難民法律體系的運行。難民危機的爆發(fā)對歐盟共同難民法律體系是一種沖擊更是一種檢驗,如果歐洲的政治精英們能從此次危機中找到政治一體化前進的方向,那它也不失為一種轉(zhuǎn)機。
[Abstract]:In recent years, as a result of the political instability in West Asia and North Africa, civil war, religious and inter-ethnic conflicts, a large number of refugees have been displaced from their homes, the number of international refugees has soared, and refugees in Europe have applied for overload. The problem of disunity within the European Union has also been exposed, and has eventually led to a refugee crisis in Europe. The EU is no stranger to the refugee problem. Before the refugee crisis in 2015, After the signing of the Schengen Agreement in 1985, the Schengen States, including Germany, were aware of the close link between the problem of asylum and the external borders of the European Union, The premise of opening internal borders is a credible and unified external asylum screening system. In the face of the new needs of border security, the Dublin Convention came into being. The Dublin Convention establishes the responsibility and standards of member States for asylum screening. Limiting the occurrence of repeated asylum applications, The Treaty of Maastricht, signed in 1992, was an important milestone in EU cooperation in the field of internal affairs and justice. The Treaty explicitly defines judicial and internal affairs cooperation as the third pillar of the EU. Immigration and asylum are also explicitly included in cooperation in this area. However, the European Union's common refugee legal system, with the Dublin Convention at its core, has fallen into partial failure in the face of the refugee crisis in 2015. The reason is rooted in both the EU and the member states. The uneven sharing of refugees due to geographical factors and changes in the domestic political environment will change the attitude of member States towards the common refugee legal system. The division of competence between the EU and its member States in the internal and judicial fields is unclear. The imbalance of the EU supranational institutions and the unclear orientation of the EU itself affect the operation of the common refugee legal system. The outbreak of the refugee crisis is an impact on the common refugee legal system of the EU and a test. If Europe's political elite finds a way forward from the crisis, it will be a turnaround.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海外國語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D814.1;D95;DD912.1

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