發(fā)布時間：2018-03-20 17:58

  本文選題：毒品再犯　切入點：未成年人　出處：《武漢大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：煙不禁絕,國日貧,十余年后,豈惟無可籌之餉,抑且無可用之兵。面對鴉片泛濫,國民體質(zhì)贏弱,統(tǒng)治機構(gòu)被腐蝕的狀況,1838年道光帝宣布全國禁煙,1839年開展了著名的虎門銷煙,拉開了中國近現(xiàn)代與毒品斗爭的序幕。建國以后,由于國內(nèi)外貿(mào)易的日益活躍,全球毒品問題抬頭,毒品卷土重來,成為當前嚴重的社會問題。當前吸毒者人數(shù)不斷攀升,青少年所占比例不斷提高,未成年人吸毒、涉毒問題日益突出。中華民族是飽受毒品荼毒的民族,毒品問題在我國抬頭時起,政府陸續(xù)通過修訂《刑法》、頒布各項《決定》,以及2007年頒布并實施的《禁毒法》完善毒品立法體系。各項立法不斷完善,其中一以貫之的是對毒品從嚴打擊、嚴懲不貸的毒品犯罪刑事政策。由于毒品犯罪再犯率高,97刑法規(guī)定了毒品再犯制度,對再次觸犯毒品犯罪的犯罪分子從嚴打擊。而毒品再犯制度并未明確規(guī)定未成年人能否構(gòu)成毒品再犯主體,隨著未成年人涉毒案件不斷增加,未成年人能否構(gòu)成毒品再犯引發(fā)了理論和司法實務(wù)界的爭議。本文旨在通過對未成年人毒品犯罪特點的剖析,通過刑法體系性解釋、目的性解釋,立足少年司法理念、犯罪預(yù)防理論、刑事政策,從法律解釋和立法精神兩個方面對該問題展開論述,闡述未成年人不能適用毒品再犯制度的理由。本文共三部分。第一部分概述未成年人適用毒品再犯制度的相關(guān)問題。首先概述提出未成年人適用毒品再犯制度這一理論和實踐中迫切存在的問題,介紹毒品再犯制度適用的現(xiàn)實需要以及未成年人毒品犯罪的現(xiàn)狀,對未成年人應(yīng)否適用毒品再犯制度的不同觀點進行歸納總結(jié),厘清未成年人適用毒品再犯制度問題中的爭議焦點以及學者觀點,并提出未成年人不應(yīng)構(gòu)成毒品再犯制度的觀點。第二部分從法律解釋的角度展開論述。從刑法體系性解釋的角度出發(fā),對未成年人適用毒品再犯制度,必將造成毒品再犯與累犯制度的不協(xié)調(diào),造成刑罰失衡,有違罪責刑相適應(yīng)原則。同時,刑法規(guī)定的未成年人免除前科報告義務(wù)以及刑事訴訟法中規(guī)定的未成年人犯罪記錄封存制度,也都與未成年人適用毒品再犯制度不協(xié)調(diào),不符合刑法的目的性解釋和體系性解釋。第三部分從立法精神角度出發(fā),論證未成年人不應(yīng)構(gòu)成毒品再犯。論述分為三個部分:第一,基于少年刑法理念的分析。實質(zhì)少年刑法要求個別化待遇,對未成年人適用毒品再犯制度并不符合兒童利益最大原則,是對少年刑法理念的機械解讀。第二,基于犯罪預(yù)防效果的分析。立足未成年人毒品犯罪成因、特點以及未成年人自身的特殊生理、心理狀態(tài),探討適用毒品再犯制度并不能達到預(yù)防犯罪、挽救未成年人的刑罰目的。第三,基于刑事政策的分析。對未成年人采取寬大立場是國際社會的共識,聯(lián)合國大會通過了多個規(guī)則對未成年人的各項權(quán)利進行了保護,我國對未成年人秉持的也是教育為主、懲罰為輔的方針。對未成年人適用毒品再犯制度是對未成年人犯罪刑事政策的違背。
[Abstract]:Smoking ban, China is poor, after more than ten years, it only can raise the rates, moreover no combat troops. The face of opium, the national governing body body weak, corrosion of the situation, in 1838 Emperor Daoguang declared a national ban on smoking in 1839 to carry out the famous Humen beach, opened the prelude to the modern and Chinese the war on drugs. After the founding of the PRC, due to domestic and foreign trade has become increasingly active, the rise of the global drug problem drug comeback, become a serious social problem. The number of drug addicts is rising, the proportion of young people continue to improve, abuse of minors, drug-related problems have become increasingly prominent. The Chinese nation is a nation suffering from drugs, drug problem in our country, when the rise, the government has approved amendments to criminal law promulgated the < >, < > > and the drug law decision, 2007 promulgated and implemented the "perfect drug legislation system. The legislation is not perfected, one of the cross It is strictly crack down on drugs, criminal policy of drug crime punished. Due to drug-related crime recidivism rate is high, 97 of the provisions of the criminal law on drug recidivism system, strictly crack down criminals again violate drug-related crimes. But drugs again did not specify system of minors can not constitute the main drugs again, with minor drug-related cases increased, minors can constitute the drugs again sparked controversy in theory and practice. This paper aims to analyze the characteristics of minor drug-related crimes, the criminal law system interpretation, purpose interpretation, based on the concept of juvenile justice, the theory of crime prevention, criminal policy, from two aspects of legal interpretation and legislative spirit to discuss the this problem cannot be applied to juvenile drug recidivism system reasons. This thesis consists of three parts. The first part is an overview of minors for drug again The related problems of crime system. Firstly, put forward the urgent existence of juvenile drug recidivism system of the theoretical and practical problems, the practical needs for drug recidivism system and the status quo of minor drug-related crimes, different views on minors should apply drugs again system are summarized, clarify the focus of controversy for minors drug recidivism in the system and the views of scholars, and put forward the minors should not constitute a drug recidivism system point of view. The second part from the perspective of legal interpretation is discussed. Starting from the system of criminal law interpretation, applied to minors drug recidivism system, will cause drug recidivism and recidivism system is not harmonious, caused by the imbalance of punishment, contrary to the principle of suiting punishment. At the same time, the provisions of the criminal law of minors from criminal record reporting obligations and Criminal Procedure Law The provisions of the minor criminal record storage system, also with juvenile drug recidivism system is not coordinated, do not conform to the interpretation and the interpretation of criminal law system. The third part embarks from the perspective of the spirit of the legislation, that minors should not constitute drugs again. This paper is divided into three parts: first, analysis of the concept of juvenile criminal law based on the essence of juvenile criminal law does not meet the requirements of individual treatment, the principle of children's interests of minors for drug recidivism system, is a mechanical interpretation of the concept of juvenile criminal law. Second, based on the analysis of crime prevention effect. Based on the minor drug-related crime causes, characteristics and minors special physiological, psychological state of their own, to explore the application of drugs make the system and can not achieve the prevention of crime, save a minor penalty. Third, based on the analysis of the criminal policy of minors leniently. The position is the consensus of the international community, the United Nations General Assembly by the rights of minors more rules of protection of minors in our country, but also uphold the education, supplemented by punishment policy. On juvenile drug recidivism system is a violation of the criminal policy of juvenile crimes.

【學位授予單位】：武漢大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D924.3;D669.5

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本文編號：1640185