本文關(guān)鍵詞： 老齡化 居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù) 居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)體系 需求理性化　出處：《聊城大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：自二十世紀(jì)末我國進(jìn)入老齡化社會以來,老年人口增長速度逐漸加快、老年人口基數(shù)逐漸增大,并且空巢化和高齡化現(xiàn)象日趨凸顯,與此同時社會上需要養(yǎng)老服務(wù)的失能和半失能老年人口數(shù)量也急劇增加,養(yǎng)老問題逐漸成為全國共同關(guān)注的社會熱點(diǎn)問題之一。面對機(jī)構(gòu)養(yǎng)老資源不足和家庭養(yǎng)老功能衰退的雙重壓力,我國開始試點(diǎn)并逐漸推廣居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)。居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)是指政府和社會力量依托社區(qū),為居家的老年人提供生活照料、家政服務(wù)、康復(fù)護(hù)理和精神慰藉等方面服務(wù)的一種服務(wù)形式。建設(shè)居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)體系,一方面,有利于緩解養(yǎng)老服務(wù)供給總量不足的問題,有利于減輕社會老齡化帶來的養(yǎng)老壓力,有利于社會主義和諧社會的建設(shè);另一方面,有利于提高政府對居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)的管理效率,有利于創(chuàng)新服務(wù)內(nèi)容和提高服務(wù)質(zhì)量,有利于居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)行業(yè)的健康發(fā)展。改革開放以來,我國政府出臺了一系列有關(guān)居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)的制度和政策,特別是新修訂了《中華人民共和國老年人權(quán)益保障法》,明確指出要建立“以居家為基礎(chǔ)、社區(qū)為依托、機(jī)構(gòu)為支撐的社會養(yǎng)老服務(wù)體系”,這為我國城鎮(zhèn)居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)體系的構(gòu)建提供了良好的法制環(huán)境。與此同時,我國政府加大對社區(qū)的改革和發(fā)展,并且十分重視社區(qū)在居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)體系建設(shè)中的重要作用。居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)的供給主體涉及家庭、社區(qū)、社會和政府四大方面,根據(jù)政府和其他供給主體在居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)中的地位和作用的不同,目前我國居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)模式大體可以分為三種:“政府主辦、層級參與”模式、“政府主導(dǎo),機(jī)構(gòu)合作”模式和“政府購買、市場運(yùn)作”模式。近幾年來,這幾種模式都在滿足老年人養(yǎng)老需求方面發(fā)揮了積極作用,有力地推動了我國城鎮(zhèn)居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)體系的建設(shè)。但是,它們在建設(shè)過程中仍存在著一些問題,諸如,老年人對居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)需求的缺乏足夠的理性,政府制度建設(shè)滯后、財政支持不足和監(jiān)管不到位,社區(qū)養(yǎng)老服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)施不健全和服務(wù)質(zhì)量有待提高,社會民間組織和志愿者參與率低,等等。在借鑒新加坡、瑞典、香港居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)體系建設(shè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合我國基本國情,本文提出了進(jìn)一步推進(jìn)我國城鎮(zhèn)居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)體系建設(shè)的四點(diǎn)建議:第一,倡導(dǎo)養(yǎng)老服務(wù)需求理性化,提供多樣化的養(yǎng)老服務(wù);第二,加強(qiáng)政策支持與資金扶持,完善法律保障和監(jiān)督機(jī)制;第三,完善社區(qū)服務(wù)機(jī)制,加快社區(qū)設(shè)施建設(shè);第四,鼓勵社會參與,拓展居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)體系建設(shè)。
[Abstract]:Since the end of 20th century, China has entered an aging society, the elderly population growth rate is gradually accelerating, the number of the elderly population is gradually increasing, and the phenomenon of empty nest and aging has become increasingly prominent. At the same time, the number of disabled and semi-disabled elderly people who need old-age services has increased dramatically. The problem of old-age support has gradually become one of the hot social issues of common concern in the whole country. Facing the double pressure of the shortage of institutional pension resources and the decline of family pension function, The government and social forces rely on the community to provide living care and domestic service for the elderly at home. A service form of rehabilitation nursing and spiritual comfort services. To build a home pension service system, on the one hand, is conducive to alleviating the problem of the shortage of the total supply of old-age care services, and to alleviating the pressure of the aged brought about by the aging of the society. On the other hand, it is helpful to improve the efficiency of the government's management of the family pension service, to innovate the service content and to improve the service quality, on the other hand, it is beneficial to the construction of a harmonious socialist society. It is conducive to the healthy development of the family pension service industry. Since the reform and opening up, the Chinese government has issued a series of systems and policies on home pension services. In particular, the Law of the people's Republic of China on the Protection of the Rights and interests of the elderly has been newly revised, clearly stating that it is necessary to establish a "home-based and community-based" system. This provides a good legal environment for the construction of the old-age service system in cities and towns in China. At the same time, the government of our country has stepped up the reform and development of the community. And they attach great importance to the important role of the community in the construction of the home pension service system. The main providers of the home pension service involve the family, the community, the society and the government. According to the different position and function of government and other providers in the home pension service, at present, there are three kinds of service modes in our country: "government sponsored, hierarchical participation", "government leading", "government leading", "government leading", "government leading", "government organizing" and "government leading". The institutional cooperation model and the "government purchase, market operation" model. In recent years, these models have played an active role in meeting the needs of the elderly for the aged. However, there are still some problems in the process of construction, such as the elderly lack of rational demand for home care services, and the construction of government system lags behind. Inadequate financial support and inadequate supervision, inadequate facilities and service quality of community pension services, low participation rates of civil society organizations and volunteers, and so on. On the basis of the experience of the construction of the home pension service system in Hong Kong and the basic conditions of our country, this paper puts forward four suggestions for further promoting the construction of the family pension service system in cities and towns in China: first, advocating the rationalization of the demand for the old-age care service. To provide diversified services for the aged; second, to strengthen policy support and financial support, and to improve the legal protection and supervision mechanism; third, to perfect the community service mechanism and speed up the construction of community facilities; and 4th, to encourage social participation, We will expand the construction of a home pension service system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：聊城大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D669.6

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