本文關(guān)鍵詞： 地方分權(quán) 權(quán)力下放 府際關(guān)系 屬地原則 民主發(fā)展 法國(guó)　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本文以1982年地方分權(quán)改革與法國(guó)府際關(guān)系的變遷為研究對(duì)象,將之置于法國(guó)國(guó)家構(gòu)建與政治治理變遷的發(fā)展脈絡(luò)中,在世界新公共管理運(yùn)動(dòng)的背景下,探討法國(guó)地方各級(jí)政府的結(jié)構(gòu)與治理特征,分析地方分權(quán)改革對(duì)法國(guó)府際關(guān)系的影響。地方分權(quán)改革前法國(guó)中央集權(quán)的體制里包含諸多分權(quán)因素,這是社會(huì)黨崛起于地方得以進(jìn)行地方分權(quán)的制度條件。地方組織機(jī)構(gòu)與層級(jí)的多元阻礙中央對(duì)地方的垂直控制,多黨制與多元選舉體制在地方造就復(fù)雜的地方執(zhí)政網(wǎng)絡(luò),多元思想理論形成對(duì)中央集權(quán)的沖擊,歐盟發(fā)展更是從外部消解著主權(quán)國(guó)家的權(quán)威。法國(guó)地方分權(quán)改革以政治分權(quán)、行政分權(quán)、職能分權(quán)、機(jī)構(gòu)分權(quán)、法人分權(quán)、立法分權(quán)、政黨分權(quán)與社會(huì)分權(quán)的方式,從中央政府向地方政府、公務(wù)法人和社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)移權(quán)力。保留國(guó)家駐地方機(jī)構(gòu)的同時(shí),法國(guó)在地方形成偏重“自治之責(zé)”的市鎮(zhèn)、“統(tǒng)治之責(zé)”的省級(jí)和“治理職責(zé)”的大區(qū)三級(jí)自治政府,存在市鎮(zhèn)聯(lián)合體等地域公務(wù)法人,文教、商業(yè)、行會(huì)等諸多公務(wù)法人,不同性質(zhì)的參與主體構(gòu)成法國(guó)地方治理網(wǎng)絡(luò),地方分權(quán)改革前法國(guó)已經(jīng)呈現(xiàn)分權(quán)化的特征。地方分權(quán)改革在分權(quán)的同時(shí)亦在收權(quán),地方權(quán)力的實(shí)施被施加諸多限制,改革后府際關(guān)系依然受制于各種集權(quán)。國(guó)家和中央政府通過(guò)駐地方的國(guó)家代表確保政治統(tǒng)一,通過(guò)中央各部駐地方的職能部門確保行政一致,通過(guò)行政部門保留的立法權(quán)力確保立法統(tǒng)一,通過(guò)政黨政治把地方選舉納入全國(guó)選舉體系,通過(guò)大區(qū)計(jì)劃合同確保經(jīng)濟(jì)一致,通過(guò)剛性與柔性并舉的控制手段確保中央對(duì)地方的控制與影響力。法國(guó)的分權(quán)改革有其理論根基與制度框架。法國(guó)國(guó)家構(gòu)建從民族國(guó)家、憲政國(guó)家到民主國(guó)家的發(fā)展,政府治理歷經(jīng)科層政府、合同政府和整體政府,前者作為法國(guó)地方改革的地基,后者作為改革得以進(jìn)行的框架,使得法國(guó)地方分權(quán)改革更像是在房屋打好地基、搭建框架之后的內(nèi)部裝修,而不是徹底推翻重來(lái)。地基和框架作為法國(guó)政治和社會(huì)進(jìn)行改革與發(fā)展默而不宣的存在,作為西方憲政國(guó)家共識(shí)性的存在,值得后發(fā)展國(guó)家在進(jìn)行分權(quán)改革時(shí)借鑒與注意。
[Abstract]:This paper takes the reform of decentralization in 1982 and the change of the relationship between the French governments as the research object, puts it in the development context of the French national construction and the change of political governance, under the background of the new public management movement in the world. This paper probes into the structure and governance characteristics of local governments in France, and analyzes the influence of the reform of decentralization on the relations between French governments. Before the reform of decentralization, there were many factors of decentralization in the centralization system of France. This is the institutional condition for the rise of the Socialist Party in the local areas for decentralization. The pluralism of local organizations and levels hinders the central authorities' vertical control of the localities, and the multi-party system and the pluralistic electoral system create a complex local governance network in the local areas. The formation of pluralistic ideology and theory has an impact on the centralization of power, and the development of the European Union dispels the authority of the sovereign state from the outside. The reform of decentralization in France is based on political decentralization, administrative decentralization, functional decentralization, institutional decentralization, legal person decentralization and legislative decentralization. Decentralization of political parties and social decentralization, transfer of power from central to local governments, public legal persons and society... while retaining the local presence of the State, In France, cities and towns with a particular emphasis on the "responsibility of self-government", and three levels of autonomous governments at the provincial and regional levels with "responsibility of rule" and "responsibilities of governance" have been formed in France. There are regional public legal persons, such as commune consortia, cultural, educational, commercial, trade, trade, and so on, as well as many other public legal persons. Different nature of the participants constitute the French local governance network. Before the decentralization reform, France has shown the characteristics of decentralization. The decentralization reform is also in the process of reclaiming power, and the implementation of local power is restricted by many restrictions. After the reform, inter-governmental relations are still subject to various types of centralization. The State and the central government ensure political unity through the local representatives of the State, and the administrative coherence through the local functions of the central ministries. Ensuring legislative unity through legislative authority retained by the executive branch, integration of local elections into the national electoral system through party politics, and ensuring economic consistency through regional planning contracts, The reform of decentralization in France has its theoretical foundation and institutional framework. The French state is built from a nation-state, a constitutional state to a democratic state. Governance has gone through layers of government, contract governments, and overall governments, the former as the foundation of local reforms in France, and the latter as the framework within which the reforms were carried out, making the decentralization reforms in France more like laying foundations on houses. The interior decoration after the construction of the framework, rather than overthrowing it completely. The foundation and the framework as the tacit existence of the French political and social reform and development, as well as the existence of the consensus of the Western constitutional states, It is worth learning from and paying attention to the reform of decentralization in the later developing countries.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D756.5
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本文編號(hào)：1514766