本文關鍵詞： 養(yǎng)老服務 統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng) 城鄉(xiāng)差別　出處：《山西財經大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：隨著生活水平和醫(yī)療技術的不斷進步，日益龐大的老年人口早已不滿足于單純的社會養(yǎng)老保險提供，他們對優(yōu)質、完善、系統(tǒng)的養(yǎng)老保障服務提出了要求。近年來，我國政府不斷完善社會保障制度，以求滿足老年人口的養(yǎng)老服務需求，但是在城鄉(xiāng)二元體制下構建起的養(yǎng)老服務體系呈現出城鄉(xiāng)分割，兩極分化的態(tài)勢：城鎮(zhèn)初步形成了形式多樣，高覆蓋率，高標準的養(yǎng)老服務體系，而農村養(yǎng)老服務體系形式單一，覆蓋率和保障水平都很低，在許多養(yǎng)老服務項目供給上甚至呈空缺狀態(tài)。要實現黨中央“老有所養(yǎng)”的制度目標，也為使農村老年人口享有與城鎮(zhèn)老年人口同等的權益，統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)養(yǎng)老服務建設迫在眉睫。 杏花嶺區(qū)，太原市市政府所在地、山西省老齡工作示范區(qū)、城鄉(xiāng)一體化改革新區(qū)，下轄“十城兩鄉(xiāng)”（十個城區(qū)街道辦和兩個鄉(xiāng)），擁有約65.39萬人口。杏花嶺區(qū)于2010年步入人口老齡化，雖然進入老齡化城市的時間僅有短短四年，但老齡化速度很快，城鄉(xiāng)養(yǎng)老服務發(fā)展差異明顯。因此，無論從政治表率角度，還是文化宣傳角度講，都應在統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)養(yǎng)老服務工作上承擔更多責任。 本文在實地走訪調查和數據收集的基礎上，對杏花嶺區(qū)老年人口的結構特征和經濟特征進行了說明，，并運用比較分析的方法整理調查問卷所收集回的數據，發(fā)現杏花嶺區(qū)城鄉(xiāng)養(yǎng)老服務建設在——家庭養(yǎng)老效能、居家養(yǎng)老服務供需、養(yǎng)老機構建設、醫(yī)療保健狀況、養(yǎng)老服務滿意度，五個方面存在較大差別，若不及時采取有效措施，統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)養(yǎng)老服務建設，將為杏花嶺區(qū)經濟和社會發(fā)展帶來諸多不良效應。 杏花嶺區(qū)城鄉(xiāng)養(yǎng)老服務之所以存在較大差別，城鄉(xiāng)分割的二元體制是其形成的根本原因，而養(yǎng)老服務體系建設中統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃的缺乏，農村“老齡化”、“空巢化”現象嚴重與農村養(yǎng)老服務訴求機制缺失并存兩大因素又加劇了這一差別，造成城鄉(xiāng)間差距不斷擴大。國外日本和澳大利亞兩國，國內濰坊、大連、湖州三市獨具特色的統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)養(yǎng)老服務實踐經驗為我們提供了一些借鑒，但照搬照抄不是解決之道，統(tǒng)籌杏花嶺區(qū)城鄉(xiāng)養(yǎng)老服務還需在結合杏花嶺區(qū)城鄉(xiāng)不同的需求特點、資源特點及管理水平、經濟發(fā)展水平的思路下，根據實際情況具體實施。 本文通過系統(tǒng)分析，得出杏花嶺區(qū)統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)養(yǎng)老服務的四大對策：一是樹立城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌的發(fā)展理念，依靠政府主導推進；二是制定系統(tǒng)化的法律規(guī)范和相關的政策標準；三是提升養(yǎng)老服務從業(yè)人員素質，擴大志愿者隊伍；四是統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)養(yǎng)老服務的配套改革措施。
[Abstract]:With the continuous progress of living standards and medical technology, the increasingly large number of elderly people have not been satisfied with the provision of simple social old-age insurance. They have put forward requirements for high-quality, perfect and systematic old-age security services in recent years. Our government has constantly improved the social security system in order to meet the needs of the elderly population, but the pension service system constructed under the dual system of urban and rural areas presents a urban-rural division. The trend of polarization: cities and towns have initially formed a diversified, high coverage and high standard old-age service system, while the rural old-age service system has a single form, and the coverage and security levels are very low. In order to realize the system goal of "security for the aged" of the Party Central Committee, and to make the old people in rural areas enjoy the same rights as the old people in cities and towns, it is urgent to plan the construction of the old-age service in urban and rural areas. Xinghualing District, seat of Taiyuan Municipal Government, Shanxi Province Aging work demonstration District, New area of Urban-Rural Integration Reform, Under the jurisdiction of "ten cities and two townships" (10 urban streets and two townships), there are about 653,900 people. In 2010, the Xinghualing District has an aging population. Although it has only been in an aging city for only four years, the aging rate is fast. The development of urban and rural old-age service is obviously different. Therefore, both from the perspective of political model and cultural propaganda, we should take more responsibility in the overall planning of urban and rural old-age service. On the basis of field survey and data collection, this paper explains the structural and economic characteristics of the elderly population in Xinghualing District, and makes use of the method of comparative analysis to sort out the data collected from the questionnaire. It is found that there are great differences in the construction of urban and rural old-age service in Xinghualing district in the following five aspects: family old-age efficiency, home old-age service supply and demand, old-age institution construction, medical care status, pension service satisfaction, and so on. If effective measures are not taken in time, Planning the construction of urban and rural pension services will bring many adverse effects to the economic and social development of Xinghualing District. The reason why there is a big difference between urban and rural old-age care services in Xinghualing District is that the dual system of urban-rural separation is the fundamental reason for its formation, and the lack of overall planning in the construction of the old-age service system. The phenomenon of "aging" and "empty nesting" in rural areas and the absence of rural old-age service demand mechanism have aggravated this difference, resulting in a widening gap between urban and rural areas. Japan and Australia abroad, Weifang and Dalian in China, The unique practical experience of planning urban and rural old-age service in Huzhou three cities provides us with some reference, but copying copy is not the solution. It is also necessary to combine the different needs of urban and rural areas in Xinghualing district to coordinate the urban and rural old-age service in Xinghualing district. Resources characteristics and management level, the level of economic development under the train of thought, according to the actual situation of specific implementation. Through systematic analysis, this paper draws four countermeasures to coordinate the urban and rural old-age service in Xinghualing District: first, to establish the development concept of urban and rural planning, to rely on the government to promote it, second, to formulate systematic legal norms and relevant policy standards; Third, improve the quality of pension service practitioners, expand the contingent of volunteers; fourth, coordinate urban and rural pension services supporting reform measures.
【學位授予單位】：山西財經大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D669.6

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