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刑事政策視野中的跨國(guó)洗錢(qián)犯罪研究

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-07-21 14:17
【摘要】:本文旨在國(guó)際刑法的領(lǐng)域中以刑事政策為視角研究跨國(guó)洗錢(qián)犯罪, 并認(rèn)為確立反跨國(guó)洗錢(qián)犯罪的刑事政策是研究跨國(guó)洗錢(qián)犯罪的理論前提 與實(shí)踐指針。本文共分四大部分,基本內(nèi)容如下: 第一部分:刑事政策視角的確立。這是研究跨國(guó)洗錢(qián)犯罪的觀察視 角、分析框架和研究模式,也是論述跨國(guó)洗錢(qián)犯罪基本理論的前提,本 文對(duì)跨國(guó)洗錢(qián)犯罪現(xiàn)狀的觀察、問(wèn)題的反思、對(duì)策模式的建構(gòu)都以此為 基礎(chǔ)。本部分首先論述了刑事政策視角確立的必要性。這主要從刑事政 策科學(xué)含義的界定及其國(guó)際化特征的研討和國(guó)際刑法向謀求統(tǒng)一的國(guó)際 刑事政策方向發(fā)展兩個(gè)方面展開(kāi)。其次從刑事政策與國(guó)際刑法關(guān)系的角 度,闡述了刑事政策與國(guó)際刑法的契合性--刑事政策的國(guó)際刑法化和 國(guó)際刑法的刑事政策化。刑事政策的國(guó)際刑法化是刑事政策趨向合理化、 合目的化的一種趨勢(shì)和過(guò)程,即以懲治、預(yù)防國(guó)際犯罪的刑事政策作為 國(guó)際刑法的指導(dǎo)觀念,推動(dòng)國(guó)際刑法規(guī)范和刑事司法協(xié)助制度理性變革; 同時(shí)將這種刑事政策通過(guò)國(guó)際刑事立法使之條文化、規(guī)范化,進(jìn)而形成 能夠體現(xiàn)該種刑事政策的國(guó)際刑法規(guī)則、制度、原則。國(guó)際刑法的刑事 政策化是國(guó)際刑法在特定刑事政策的沖擊、影響下變革、修正和完善的 過(guò)程。即在具有嚴(yán)重危害性的行為被確定為國(guó)際犯罪,國(guó)際刑法形成了 規(guī)制某種國(guó)際犯罪的基本模式與合作框架后,仍繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持以刑事政策的 視角修改、完善相關(guān)的國(guó)際刑法規(guī)范,促進(jìn)國(guó)際刑法的合理化、合目的 化,使之能夠更加完整地發(fā)揮“合理而有效地組織對(duì)犯罪的反應(yīng)”功能。 最后以刑事政策的主體性、觀察性、反思性和實(shí)踐性為視角,,為跨國(guó)洗 錢(qián)犯罪的研究提供了較為可取的分析框架,即反思主體、觀察重心、反 思標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及對(duì)策模式。 第二部分:跨國(guó)洗錢(qián)與反跨國(guó)洗錢(qián)博弈現(xiàn)狀的觀察。理性把握該種 43 WP=49 現(xiàn)狀是研究跨國(guó)洗錢(qián)犯罪的基礎(chǔ)。本部分首先揭示了跨國(guó)洗錢(qián)對(duì)各國(guó)政 府及國(guó)際社會(huì)提出的嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn),并通過(guò)傳統(tǒng)洗錢(qián)向跨國(guó)洗錢(qián)的演變、跨 國(guó)洗錢(qián)犯罪能夠有效地掩飾、隱瞞相應(yīng)“上游犯罪”、跨國(guó)洗錢(qián)犯罪過(guò)程 的復(fù)雜性和方法的多樣性這三個(gè)層次具體論述該種挑戰(zhàn)。其次針對(duì)上述 挑戰(zhàn),各國(guó)政府與國(guó)際社會(huì)在國(guó)際刑法領(lǐng)域內(nèi)進(jìn)行了有關(guān)的反跨國(guó)洗錢(qián) 立法及實(shí)踐活動(dòng)。具體包括反跨國(guó)洗錢(qián)國(guó)際刑法規(guī)范的制定和世界各國(guó) 反跨國(guó)洗錢(qián)合作的加強(qiáng),國(guó)際公約、決議內(nèi)容的述評(píng),國(guó)內(nèi)刑法反跨國(guó) 洗錢(qián)規(guī)定的介紹三個(gè)方面。最后結(jié)合上述內(nèi)容,總結(jié)出跨國(guó)洗錢(qián)的新趨 勢(shì)與國(guó)際刑法思想的嬗變。 第三部分:傳統(tǒng)問(wèn)題與新問(wèn)題的反思。根據(jù)問(wèn)題來(lái)源不同,可以將 影響、妨礙懲治與預(yù)防跨國(guó)洗錢(qián)犯罪的諸多問(wèn)題分為傳統(tǒng)問(wèn)題與新問(wèn)題 進(jìn)行反思。傳統(tǒng)問(wèn)題是法律差異的存在,具體包括洗錢(qián)的犯罪化運(yùn)動(dòng)進(jìn) 行的不徹底、不全面;國(guó)際公約及各國(guó)法律對(duì)“上游犯罪”范圍的不同 規(guī)定,直接影響到跨國(guó)洗錢(qián)犯罪的懲治;信息披露制度的研究薄弱,嚴(yán) 重限制了對(duì)金融機(jī)構(gòu)及其他行業(yè)的監(jiān)管;離岸金融中心跨國(guó)洗錢(qián)的猖獗, 表明金融市場(chǎng)全球化的進(jìn)程與其實(shí)行以國(guó)內(nèi)為基礎(chǔ)的監(jiān)督機(jī)制之間普遍 存在著鴻溝。反思新問(wèn)題的結(jié)論在于必須放寬國(guó)際刑法的研究視野? 國(guó)洗錢(qián)泛濫還是某些發(fā)展中國(guó)家、處于社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)軌時(shí)期國(guó)家的政府弱勢(shì)和 政治腐敗的必然結(jié)果。洗錢(qián)者不僅在金融領(lǐng)域洗錢(qián),還廣泛利用非金融 領(lǐng)域監(jiān)管較為薄弱的現(xiàn)金密集型行業(yè)作為跨國(guó)洗錢(qián)的新路徑;同時(shí)國(guó)際 洗錢(qián)又衍生出一種新動(dòng)向--網(wǎng)絡(luò)洗錢(qián),而對(duì)跨國(guó)洗錢(qián)的這種新路徑、 新動(dòng)向亟待進(jìn)行充分的反思,理性的研究。 第四部分:國(guó)際刑法反跨國(guó)洗錢(qián)對(duì)策模式建構(gòu)的實(shí)踐。以刑事政策 為視角,在觀察跨國(guó)洗錢(qián)與反跨國(guó)洗錢(qián)博弈現(xiàn)狀、反思傳統(tǒng)問(wèn)題與新問(wèn) 題的基礎(chǔ)上,本文形成既相互獨(dú)立,又相互交融的兩種反跨國(guó)洗錢(qián)對(duì)策 模式--刑事法律合作模式與國(guó)際行政合作模式。刑事法律合作模式是 在國(guó)際刑法的刑事政策化指導(dǎo)下形成的,在國(guó)際刑事法律領(lǐng)域中,以國(guó) 44 WP=50 家刑罰權(quán)懲罰已然洗錢(qián)犯罪、預(yù)防未然洗錢(qián)犯罪的各種對(duì)策的一般理論。 它主要體現(xiàn)在國(guó)際刑事立法和國(guó)際司法協(xié)助兩個(gè)方面。國(guó)際行政合作模 式是國(guó)際刑法的社會(huì)預(yù)防政策化的產(chǎn)物,它通過(guò)各國(guó)反跨國(guó)洗錢(qián)的行政 當(dāng)局直接或國(guó)際組織間接合作為途徑,依靠行政權(quán)力的國(guó)際合作,發(fā)現(xiàn) 追蹤已然跨國(guó)洗錢(qián)犯罪,預(yù)防未然跨國(guó)洗錢(qián)犯罪而發(fā)揮作用。 總之,本文以反跨國(guó)洗錢(qián)犯罪的刑事政策為指導(dǎo)思想,力求深化對(duì) 跨國(guó)洗錢(qián)犯罪基本理論的研究,進(jìn)而開(kāi)拓跨國(guó)洗錢(qián)犯罪研究的新境域, 使之更加理性、建設(shè)性地指導(dǎo)懲治、預(yù)防跨國(guó)洗錢(qián)犯罪的司法實(shí)踐。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this paper is to study the crime of transnational money - laundering in the light of criminal policy in the field of international criminal law ,








It is believed that the criminal policy of establishing anti - transnational money - laundering crime is the theoretical prerequisite to study the crime of transnational money - laundering








This article is divided into four parts , the basic contents are as follows :








Part I : Establishment of the perspective of criminal policy . This is the study of transnational money - laundering crime .








The angle , analytical framework and research pattern are also the premise of discussing the basic theory of transnational money - laundering .








On the basis of the observation of the present situation of transnational money - laundering , the reflection of the problem and the construction of the countermeasure model are as follows :








On the basis of this part , the necessity of the establishment of the criminal policy angle of view is first discussed . This is mainly from the criminal administration








The Definition of the Meaning of Policy Science and the Discussion of Its Internationalization Characteristics and the International Criminal Law to Seek the Unification of International Criminal Law








Two aspects of the development of criminal policy direction ; secondly , from the angle between criminal policy and international criminal law








Degree , expounds the conformity of criminal policy with international criminal law - - the international criminal law of criminal policy ;








The international criminal law of criminal policy is the rationalization of the tendency of criminal policy .








A trend and process of convergence , that is , to punish and prevent international criminal policy as a criminal policy








The guiding concept of international criminal law promotes the rational change of international criminal law norms and criminal judicial assistance system ;









At the same time , this criminal policy is passed through the international criminal legislation to bring it into a cultural , normative and further form








International criminal law rules , systems and principles that can reflect the criminal policy of this kind of criminal policy . The criminal law of international criminal law








The policy is the impact of the international criminal law on the specific criminal policy , which affects the reform , amendment and improvement .








The process . That is , the international criminal law is formed when the act of serious harm is determined as an international crime








After regulating the basic pattern and cooperation framework of a certain international crime , the criminal policy is still adhered to








Modify the angle of view , perfect the relevant international criminal law norms , and promote the rationalization of the international criminal law .








The function of " reasonable and effective organization of the response to crime " can be exerted more fully .








Finally , based on the subjective , observational , reflective and practical perspectives of criminal policy , it is a cross - border wash .








The research of money crime provides a preferable analysis framework , that is to reflect the main body , to observe the center of gravity , and to reverse








Standard and countermeasure mode .








Part Two : Observation of the Current Situation of the Game between Transnational Money Laundering and Anti - Transnational Money Laundering








43








WP=49








The present situation is the basis of studying the crime of transnational money - laundering . This part firstly reveals the transnational money - laundering to each country ' s government








The challenges posed by the Government and the international community and the evolution of transnational money - laundering through traditional money - laundering , inter alia ,








The crime of money laundering can be effectively concealed and hidden from the corresponding " upstream crime " and the transnational money - laundering crime process








This challenge is specifically addressed in the three levels of the complexity and diversity of approaches , followed by the above








Challenges , Governments and the international community have undertaken relevant anti - border money - laundering in the field of international criminal law








Legislative and practical activities , including the development of international criminal law norms against transnational money - laundering and the countries of the world








A commentary on the strengthening of anti - transnational money - laundering cooperation , the international conventions and the contents of the resolution , and the anti - transnational crime of domestic criminal law








Three aspects of money laundering are introduced . At last , the article summarizes the new trend of transnational money laundering in combination with the above - mentioned content .








Potential and the evolution of international criminal law thought .








The third part : the reflection of the traditional problem and the new problem . Depending on the source of the problem , you can








The Influence , Prevention , Punishment and Prevention of Transnational Money - Laundering Crime are divided into traditional problems and new problems








The traditional problem is the existence of legal differences , including the criminalization movement of money laundering .








incomplete and incomplete lines ;
The international conventions and national laws are different from the scope of " predicate offences "








( b ) To provide for the direct impact on the punishment of transnational money - laundering offences ;
The study of information disclosure system is weak and strict








Heavy restrictions on the regulation of financial institutions and other industries ;
The spread of transnational money - laundering in offshore financial centres ,








It is shown that the process of globalization of financial markets and its implementation are common among domestic - based oversight mechanisms .








There is a gap . The conclusion of reflecting on the new problem lies in the need to relax the research field of international criminal law .








The spread of money - laundering in the country is also the weakness of the government of some developing countries and countries in the period of social transition .








The inevitable result of political corruption . Money - laundering is not only money - laundering in the financial sector but also non - financial








As a new path to cross - border money - laundering , a weak cash - intensive industry is regulated in the area ;
at the same time international








Money - laundering also derives a new trend - - cyber money - laundering , which is a new path to cross - border money - laundering ,








New trends need to be fully reflective and rational .








The fourth part : the practice of the international criminal law anti - transnational money - laundering countermeasure mode construction .








Viewing the Current Situation of the Game between Transnational Money Laundering and Anti - Transnational Money Laundering in the View of Viewing the Current Situation of the Game between Transnational Money Laundering and Anti - Transnational Money Laundering








On the basis of the problem , this paper forms two kinds of counter - border money - laundering countermeasures which are independent and mutually exclusive .








Mode - criminal law cooperation model and international administrative cooperation mode . The mode of criminal law cooperation is








Under the guidance of criminal policy of international criminal law , in the field of international criminal law , the country

















( 44 ftlb . )








WP=50








The penalty right penalty is the general theory of all kinds of countermeasures of the crime of money - laundering and the prevention of the crime of money - laundering .








It is mainly reflected in the two aspects of international criminal legislation and international mutual legal assistance , and the international administrative cooperation mode








The formula is the product of the social prevention policy of international criminal law , which is through the administration of national anti - transnational money laundering








Indirect cooperation by the authorities , either directly or indirectly , through international cooperation on administrative power , found








It plays a role in tracking the crime of transnational money - laundering and preventing the crime of transnational money - laundering .








In short , this paper tries to deepen the discussion on the criminal policy of anti - transnational money laundering crime as the guiding ideology .








The study of the basic theory of transnational money - laundering , which further opens up the new situation of transnational money - laundering crime research ,








Making it more rational and constructive to guide the punishment and prevent the judicial practice of transnational money - laundering crime .
【學(xué)位授予單位】:吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2004
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】:D917;D997.9

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