本文選題：言語(yǔ)識(shí)別 + 言語(yǔ)特征��； 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 本論文是關(guān)于言語(yǔ)信息在偵查破案中運(yùn)用情況的研究。 語(yǔ)言是伴隨著人類社會(huì)的形成而產(chǎn)生的,而且跟隨著社會(huì)生活的變化而發(fā)展。語(yǔ)言的聲音是信號(hào),它是人類有意識(shí)的反應(yīng),是表達(dá)感情的信號(hào)也是表達(dá)理智的、邏輯的、推理的信號(hào)。言語(yǔ)識(shí)別就是以言語(yǔ)文字為檢驗(yàn)對(duì)象,通過(guò)對(duì)案件言語(yǔ)材料分析辨認(rèn),擬測(cè)案犯“臉譜”特征,從而揭露和證實(shí)犯罪的技術(shù)。 含有言語(yǔ)的材料也是偵查中出現(xiàn)的一類物證,分析這類物證,可以得出很多信息,我們可以據(jù)此刻畫犯罪嫌疑人,確定偵查目標(biāo)和方向,為偵查破案提供依據(jù)。筆跡檢驗(yàn)中對(duì)言語(yǔ)材料的分析往往注重從文書(shū)的筆跡特征方面來(lái)進(jìn)行分析;以此來(lái)作出同一認(rèn)定。但是在此基礎(chǔ)上,加強(qiáng)對(duì)文書(shū)內(nèi)容的分析可以拓展思路,為刻畫犯罪嫌疑人提供更為充分的形象。另外,在偵查訊問(wèn)這種口頭言語(yǔ)交際的過(guò)程中,迅速的從犯罪嫌疑人的話語(yǔ)中捕捉到有效而真實(shí)的信息,也需要我們對(duì)口供的真假進(jìn)行甄別。在綁架人質(zhì)案件中,與犯罪人的溝通顯得至關(guān)重要,從犯罪人的話語(yǔ)中定位犯罪人,設(shè)定針對(duì)性、可行性的人質(zhì)解救策略,也離不開(kāi)對(duì)犯罪人話語(yǔ)信息的識(shí)別。 隨著電子郵件、傳真、電報(bào)、電話等作為交流媒介的發(fā)展,書(shū)寫工具在體現(xiàn)書(shū)寫特點(diǎn)中的作用的減弱,通常作為人身鑒定的依據(jù)的筆跡特征將減少,在這些電子介質(zhì)中,更多體現(xiàn)的是電子信息的統(tǒng)一性和普遍性,唯一能將其區(qū)分的是內(nèi)容、用詞、造句等有代表性的個(gè)性特征。言語(yǔ)特征將有助于人身同一認(rèn)定。 言語(yǔ)信息并沒(méi)有在偵查中得到很好的重視和利用。理論研究的欠缺和實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)的匱乏在一定程度上限制了言語(yǔ)信息的利用。本文分析言語(yǔ)特征的本質(zhì)和特點(diǎn),以理論探討言語(yǔ)識(shí)別在筆跡鑒定中的輔助作用,并對(duì)言語(yǔ)識(shí)別的領(lǐng)域作了一些總結(jié),期望能發(fā)揮在實(shí)踐中的指導(dǎo)作用,更好的指導(dǎo)偵查破案。我們不能只看到言語(yǔ)特征運(yùn)用的局限性,應(yīng)謹(jǐn)慎對(duì)待這一特征的運(yùn)用,辯證的分析看待。 本文分三個(gè)部分。第一部分對(duì)言語(yǔ)特征進(jìn)行概述:分別分析了言語(yǔ)特征的本質(zhì)、言語(yǔ)特征的特點(diǎn)、對(duì)偵查破案的作用;然后分析了文書(shū)檢驗(yàn)中筆跡特征與言語(yǔ)特征的區(qū)別與聯(lián)系,二者的結(jié)合使用將更好的輔助筆跡鑒定。然后指出了在文書(shū)檢驗(yàn)中對(duì)二者結(jié)合使用的意義與原理;從宏觀角度探討和認(rèn)識(shí)言語(yǔ)特征的本質(zhì)特點(diǎn)、形成機(jī)制、表現(xiàn)形式的基本問(wèn)題。從理論上豐富相關(guān)言語(yǔ)識(shí)別的基本問(wèn)題。 第二部分分別從識(shí)別的依據(jù)、方法和條件上闡述了如何利用言語(yǔ)特征進(jìn)行地域的識(shí)別、性別的識(shí)別、文化程度的識(shí)別、精神狀況的識(shí)別�？偨Y(jié)了如何運(yùn)用言語(yǔ)特征對(duì)犯罪人進(jìn)行綜合分析;又著重分析了怎樣在審訊中利用言語(yǔ)特征。從技術(shù)的角度對(duì)言語(yǔ)特征在偵查破案中的運(yùn)用作出了具體的闡述。主要意義在于從全方位的發(fā)掘出言語(yǔ)特征所蘊(yùn)含的意義,刻畫出言語(yǔ)主體的“臉譜”,提煉出對(duì)偵查破案有分析價(jià)值的即特定信息。 第三部分闡述了言語(yǔ)識(shí)別的歷史和發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,及在我國(guó)發(fā)展的不足之處。簡(jiǎn)要介紹了外國(guó)的研究狀況,并針對(duì)該門技術(shù)在我國(guó)的發(fā)展提出了若干建議。主要是從發(fā)展?fàn)顩r中進(jìn)行比較,分析存在的問(wèn)題并給出合理化的建議,立足于本土并借鑒外國(guó)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r,更好的指導(dǎo)偵查實(shí)踐活動(dòng)。 言語(yǔ)特征的使用固然有一定的局限性,但本文通過(guò)對(duì)言語(yǔ)特征在偵查中的一些運(yùn)用的研究,期望能更全面的把握言語(yǔ)特征的價(jià)值,提高其在偵查破案中的運(yùn)用范圍,能在實(shí)踐中更加全面的看待這一特征的運(yùn)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:This thesis is about the application of verbal information in the investigation .


Language is produced by the formation of human society and develops with the change of social life . The sound of language is the signal , it is the signal of human being conscious , it is the signal expressing emotion . It is the signal of reason , logic and reasoning . Speech recognition is to test the case speech material by analyzing and recognizing the case speech material , so as to reveal and confirm the crime .


The material of speech is also a kind of evidence in the investigation . It can draw lots of information . We can draw a lot of information . We can draw a lot of information on the basis of the analysis of the content of the instrument . In addition , it is very important to judge the crime suspects . In the case of kidnapping , the communication between the criminals is very important . In the case of kidnapping , it is necessary to locate the perpetrator , set the targeted and feasible hostage rescue strategy , and also can ' t be separated from the identification of the discourse information of the offender .


With the development of e - mail , fax , telegram , telephone and so on as the communication medium , the writing instrument is weakened by the function of writing , usually as the basis for personal identification .


The lack of theoretical research and the lack of practical experience limits the utilization of speech information to a certain extent . This paper analyzes the essence and characteristics of speech recognition , and makes some concluding remarks on the field of speech recognition . It is expected that it can play a guiding role in practice and better guide the investigation . We can not only see the limitation of the use of speech features , and should treat this feature carefully and treat it with caution .


This paper is divided into three parts . The first part provides an overview of the characteristics of speech : the analysis of the nature of the characteristics of the speech , the characteristics of the characteristics of the speech and the role of the investigation ; then , it analyzes the meaning and principle of the combination of the written features and the speech features in the instrument inspection .


The second part describes how to use the features of speech to carry out the recognition of the region , the recognition of the sex , the recognition of the degree of culture and the recognition of the mental condition .


In the third part , the history and development status of speech recognition and the deficiency of development in China are described . The research situation of foreign countries is introduced briefly , and some suggestions are put forward for the development of the door technology in China .


Although the use of speech features has some limitations , this paper hopes to grasp the value of speech features more comprehensively and improve its application scope in the investigation , and the application value of this feature can be viewed more comprehensively in practice .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：D918.2

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